Grafton HS Biology CH 10 Sexual Reproduction and Genetics
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21 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Crossing Over | the interchange of sections between pairing homologous chromosomes during the prophase of meiosis |
| Diploid | (genetics) an organism or cell having two sets of chromosomes or twice the haploid number |
| Fertilization | making fertile as by applying fertilizer or manure, creation by the physical union of male and female gametes |
| Gamete | a mature sexual reproductive cell having a single set of unpaired chromosomes |
| Gene | A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait |
| Haploid | (genetics) an organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes |
| Homologous chromosome | chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes, that have the same structure, and that pair during meiosis |
| Meiosis | (genetics) cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms |
| Allelle | an alternate form that a gene may have for a single trait, can be dominate or recesive |
| Dominant | trait that will show up in an organism's phenotype if gene is present |
| Genetics | the branch of biology that studies heredity and variation in organisms |
| Genotype | an organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations |
| Heterozygous | term used to refer to an organism that has two different alleles for the same trait |
| Homozygous | term used to refer to an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait |
| Hybrid | an organism that is the offspring of genetically dissimilar parents or stock |
| Law of independent assortment | the law that states that genes separate independently of one another in meiosis |
| Law of segregation | members of a pair of homologous chromosomes separate during the formation of gametes and are distributed to different gametes so that every gamete receives only one member of the pair |
| Phenotype | what an organism looks like as a consequence of its genotype |
| Recessive | trait that will only appear in the phenotype if organism inherits two of them; covered up by the dominant gene |
| Genetic recombination | the regrouping of genes in an offspring that results in a genetic makeup that is different from that of the parents |
| Polyploidy | A chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets. |
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