| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Fort Sumter | located near Charleston, South Carolina and an attack on this caused Lincoln to declare 75,000 militiamen |
| Abraham Lincoln | POTUS #16 |
| border states | Deleware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri |
| Elizabeth Blackwell | first woman to earn a medical license |
| Winfield Scott | Union general that developed the Union's basic two-part strategy (Navel blockade and wanted to gain contol of Mississippi River) |
| cotton diplomacy | based on the belief that the British government would support them because cotton was important to Great Britain's textile industry |
| Thomas Jackson | (stonewall) a unit led by this general held firmly in place when Unions attacked |
| 1st Battle of Bull Run | Confederacy broke the Union's hopes of winning the war quickly and easily |
| George B. McClennan | Lincoln sent this new commander to capture Richmond |
| Robert E. Lee | President Jefferson Davis put this general in charge of the Confederate army in Virginia in June 1862 (very talented soldier) |
| Seven Days' Battles | Lee attacked on June 26 1862 and during the next week, the 2 armies fought for 5 different times |
| 2nd Battle of Bull Run | Lee pushed most of the Union forces out of Virginia (after this, Lee decides to take war into the north) |
| Battle of Antietam | bloodiest single-day battle of the war |
| ironclad | warship heavily armored with iron |
| Ulysses S. Grant | most important figure in the war in the West |
| Battle of Shiloh | April 6, 1862, Confederates began this but retreated which caused Unions to gain more control of the Mississippi River Valley |
| David Farragut | the capture of New Orleans fell to this Flag Officer who was a daring Union navel leader from Tennessee who had refused to serve in the Confederacy |
| John C. Pemberton | General who covered Vicksburg with heavy guns on high bluffs |
| Siege of Vicksburg | Unions surrounded an area for 6 weeks but, lack of supplies caused Pemberton to surrender |
| Battle of Pea Ridge | even though the Unions were outnumbered, they won upperhand in Missouri |
| Emancipation Proclamation | all slaves in Confederate states were freed under this |
| contrabands | escaped slaves |
| 54th Massachusetts Infantry | consisted mostly of free African Americans who fought with the Union army |
| Copperheads | War supporters called Democrats this who were midwesterners who sympathized with the South, objected to abolition, and wanted the war to end |
| habeas corpus | the constitutional protection against unlawful imprisonment |
| Clara Barton | a woman who worked as a volunteer, organizing the collection of medicine and supplies for delivery to Union troops on the battlefield |
| Battle of Gettysburg | 75,000 Confederate soldiers faced about 90,000 Union troops and Unions won |
| George G. Meade | General who placed more soldiers on the Union line |
| George Pickett | General who commanded the largest unit |
| Pickett's Charge | fewer than half of Pickett's troops reached the top of the ridge and those who reached the Union wall got captured or killed |
| Gettysburg Address | a short moving speech in (one of the most famous in American history) which Lincoln spole of the importance of liberty, equality, and democratic ideals |
| Wilderness Campaign | Union troops launched this with about 100,000 men against 70,000 Confederates (fighting for 10 days) Unions forced Confederates north of Richmond |
| William Tecumseh Sherman | General who took over Atlanta and waged total war (Lee surrendered) |
| total war | destroying both civilian and military forces |
| Appomattox Courthouse | Lee concludes that the situation is hopeless |
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