Ch. 22
Order by
26 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Freedmen's Bureau | created to aid newly emancipated slaves by providing food, clothing, medical care, and others; achievements were uneven and varied *helped transition the newly freed slaves towards civilian life *taught an estimated 200,000 blacks how to read |
| "10 percent" Reconstruction plan | introduced by Lincoln, it proposed that a state be readmitted to the Union once 10% of its voters pledged loyalty to the U.S. and promised to honor its emancipation *Republicans, fearing the restoration of the planter aristocracy respond by supplying the Wade-Davis Bill to Congress |
| Wade-Davis Bill | passed by Congressional Republicans in response to Lincoln's 10% plan, it required 50% of voters in a state to pledge loyalty and set stronger safeguards for emancipation *reflected divisions between Congress and the President and between radical and moderate Republicans *Lincoln vetoes and angers Republicans; the controversy shows the differences among them and the emerging two factions in the Republicans |
| Black Codes | laws passed in the South to restrict the rights of freed blacks, particularly with negotiating labor contracts *increased Northerners' criticisms of President Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction policies *aimed to ensure a stable and subordinate labor foce *gave dire penalties to blacks who didn't honor their labor contracts *the codes forbade blacks to serve on a jury; made Northerners question if their soldiers died in vain |
| Pacific Railroad Act | helped fund the construction of the Union Pacific transcontinental railroad with the use of land grants and government bonds *granted people a means to migrate around the country and migrate to the American interior |
| Civil Rights Bill | passed over Andrew Johnson's veto, it aimed to counteract the Black Codes by giving blacks citizenship and making it a crime to deprive blacks of their rights to sue, testify, and hold property *showed that Congress was donning the dominant role of running the gov't rather than Johnson *pushed Republicans to establish the 14th Amendment |
| Fourteenth Amendment | extended the civil rights of freed men and prohibited states from taking away such rights without due process *immortalized citizenship for African Americans *President Johnson advises southern states to reject it *Republicans gain control of Reconstruction policy |
| Reconstruction Act | passed by a fresh Republican Congress, it divided the South into 5 military districts; ex-Confederate officers were prohibited from holding positions; Southern states were required to ratify the 14th Amendment and write state constitutions allowing black citizenship before they were admitted back to the Union officially *motivated Republicans to cement black male suffrage in the 15th Amendment |
| Fifteenth Amendment | prohibited states from denying citizenship on account of race; disappointed feminists who wanted the Amendment to include a guarantee for women's suffrage *African American males were given undeniable citizenship and suffrage |
| Ex parte Milligan | Civil War era case in which the Supreme Court ruled that the military tribunals could not be used to try civilians if civil courts were open *avoided offending Republican Congress |
| Redeemers | southern Democratic politicians who sought to take control from Republican regimes in the South after Reconstruction |
| Woman's Loyal League | women's organization formed to push for an end to the Civil War and encourage Congress to pass a constitutional amendment prohibiting slavery *helped rally support in the official ending of slavery |
| Union League | Reconstruction-Era African American organization that worked to educate Southern blacks about civil life; campaigned on behalf of Republican candidates and recruited local militias to protect blacks from white intimidation *built schools and churches and represented African American interests before government and employers |
| scalawags | negative term for pro-Union Southerners whom Southern Democrats accused of plundering the resources of the South in secrecy with Republican gov'ts after the Civil War |
| carpetbaggers | name used by Southern whites to describe Northern businessmen and politicians who came to the South after the Civil War to work on Reconstruction projects or invest in Southern infrastructure |
| Ku Klux Klan | white supremacist secret society founded in the mid 19th century that was against blacks, foreigners, Jews, pacifists, and Communism; its members terrorized freedmen and sympathetic whites throughout the South after the Civil War *leads Congress to pass the Force Acts *intimidated the African American population to vote for certain officials |
| Force Acts | passed alongside the Compromise tariff, it authorized the president to use the military to collect federal tariff duties *undermined a minor part of the KKK's havoc |
| Tenure of Office Act | required the president to seek approval from the Senate before removing officials; aimed to prevent Johnson from firing Secretary of War Stanton *kept Edwin M. Stanton in office, who was a spy for the radicals while serving Johnson |
| Seward's Folly | popular synonym for Secretary of State William Seward's purchase of Alaska from Russia; the term reflected the anti-expansionist feelings of most Americans after the war *maintained good relations with Russia; Alaska proved to contain valuable resources later on |
| Oliver O. Howard | headed the Freedmen's Bureau; would later found Howard University in Washington D.C. *his Freemen's Bureau served to assist blacks in educating themselves and adapting to society |
| Andrew Johnson | president from the humblest beginnings in Tennessee, he never attended school but taught himself to read; he was elected to Congress and liked by the North because he refused to secede his state; elected as VP to Lincoln to attract support from War Democrats * implemented his own form of Presidential Reconstruction *created conflict with Republicans after passing stringent Black Codes *Republicans pass Civil Rights Bill in response to his veto of extending Freedmen's Bureau |
| Thaddeus Stevens | congressman from Pennsylvania who was the most powerful radical in the House of Representatives in Reconstruction Era; friend of the blacks who hated the rebellious white Southerners *leading figure on the Joint Committee on Reconstruction *wanted to gradually apply federal power to the South to bring about drastic social and economic change |
| Hiram Revels | Black Mississippi senator who served in Washington D.C. *helped form the backbone of the black political community *assisted in forming state constitution |
| Edwin M. Stanton | Secretary of War appointed by Lincoln; President Andrew Johnson dismissed him in spite of the Tenure of Office Act, and Congress wished for Johnson's impeachment as a result; *served as a spy for the radicals within Johnson's cabinet |
| Benjamin Wade | was the chair of the committee on the conduct of the war; distrusted by moderate Republicans; would have succeeded president Andrew Johnson *him succeeding Johnson was one of the reasons why the Supreme Court did not go through with Congress's impeachment of Johnson |
| William Seward | Secretary of State in 1867, he bought Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million *helped maintain good relations with Russia *Alaska would prove to be a useful state filled with natural resources |
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