Biology 10 Ch6: Cell Structure and Function
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39 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Active Transport | Movement of molecules across a membrane requiring energy to be expended by the cell. |
| ATP | (adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work. |
| Cell | The basic structural and functional unit of all known living organisms. It is the smallest unit of life that is classified as a living thing. |
| Cell Theory | Generalization that all living things are composed of cells, and that cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. |
| Cell Wall | Strong wall outside a plant cell's plasma membrane that protects the cell and maintains its shape |
| Chloroplast | Organelle found in some plant cells and certain unicellular organisms where photosynthesis takes place. |
| Cilia | Short structures projecting from a cell and containing bundles of microtubules that move a cell through its surroundings or move fluid over the cell's surface. |
| Concentration | The action or power of focusing one's attention or mental effort. |
| Cytology | The branch of biology concerned with the structure and function of plant and animal cells. |
| Diffusion | Net movement of the particles of a substance from where they are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated. |
| Endocytosis | Process of taking material into a cell within vesicles that bud inward from the plasma membrane. |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | Network of membranes within a cell's cytoplasm that produces a variety of molecules. |
| Equilibrium | Point at which the number of diffusing molecules moving in one direction is equal to the number moving in the opposite direction. |
| Eukaryotic Cell | Cell with a nucleus (surrounded by its own membrane) and other internal organelles. |
| Exocytosis | Process of exporting proteins from a cell by a vesicle fusing with the plasma membrane and spilling the proteins outside the cell. |
| Facilitated Diffusion | Pathway provided by transport proteins that helps certain molecules pass through a membrane. |
| Flagella | Long, thin, whip-like structures, with a core of microtubules, that enable some cells to move. |
| Golgi Apparatus | Cellular organelle that modifies, stores, and routes cell products. |
| Hypertonic | Having a higher concentration of solute than another solution. |
| Hypotonic | Having a lower concentration of solute than another solution. |
| Isotonic | Having a solute concentration equal to that of another solution. |
| Lysosome | Membrane-bound sac containing digestive enzymes that can break down proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides. |
| Membrane | A thin layer of tissue covering a surface or lining a cavity, space or organ. |
| Microfilament | Solid rod of protein, thinner than a microtubule, that enables a cell to move or change shape. |
| Microtubule | Straight, hollow tube of proteins that gives rigidity, shape, and organization to a cell. |
| Mitochondria | Cellular organelles where cellular respiration occurs. |
| Nuclear Envelop | Double membrane that surrounds a cell nucleus. |
| Nucleolus | Ball-like mass of fibers and granules in a cell nucleus. |
| Organelle | Part of a cell with a specific function. |
| Osmosis | Passive transport of water across a selectively permeable membrane. |
| Passive Transport | Diffusion across a membrane requiring only the random motion of molecules with no energy expended by the cell. |
| Permeable Membrane | A thin sheet or membrane of material through which selected liquid or gas molecules or ions. |
| Phospholipid Bilayer | Two-layer "sandwich" of molecules that surrounds a cell. |
| Plasma Membrane | Thin outer boundary of a cell that regulates the traffic of chemicals between the cell and its surroundings. |
| Prokaryotic Cell | Cell lacking a nucleus and most other organelles. |
| Ribosome | Cluster of proteins and nucleic acids that constructs proteins in a cell. |
| Selectively Permeable | Membrane that allows some substances to pass more easily than others and blocks the passage of some substances altogether. |
| Vacuole | Membrane-bound sac that buds from the endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi apparatus. |
| Vesicle | Small membrane-bound sac that functions in moving products into, out of, and within a cell. |
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