Midterm Vocab
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Created by:
lvanhouten on December 7, 2011
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80 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 artifact | a man-made object left behind by people |
| archaeologist | a scientist that digs up human remins and analyzes them to study the human past |
| hominid | of the family of the primates that evolved into modern humans |
| tool | an object used to do something or make doing something easier |
| hunter-gatherer | a person who collects their food from nature and find and kill their food |
| ice-age | a long period of below average temperature when the ice at the poles expands (glacial growth) |
| history | the study of the past; everything before now; written record of the past |
| 2.6 mya | The Stone age begins (date) |
| 1.5 mya | The Ice Age Begins(date) |
| 50,000 BC | How far back can you date with radiocarbon dating? |
| 30,000 BC | Neanderthals die out(date) |
| 10,000 BC | End of Ice Age(date) |
| 3,000 BC | End of the Stone Age; Invention of Metal (date) |
| australopithecine | first hominids to walk upright and make tools |
| homo habilis | first hominids to scavenge meat |
| homo ergaster | hominids with longer legs, shorter arms, and larger brain than homo habilis; slender for heat tolerance, first emotion |
| homo erectus | first hominids to use fire |
| Neanderthals | first hominids to bury their dead |
| Homo sapiens sapiens | hominids that are the same as modern humans; had art |
| radiocarbon dating | a method of dating using the amount of C-14 left in an object |
| stratigraphy | dating by which layer of dirt or sediment the object was found in |
| Civilization | an advanced society that has specialization of labor, cities, government, large structures, and writing |
| Agriculture | the systematic and deliberate planting and growing of crops and the domestication of animal beginning in 10,000 BC |
| Domestication | the adaption of animals for human use |
| 10,000 BC | Beginning of agriculture |
| Neolithic Revolution | the time period when systematic agriculture changed the way people lived drastically beginning in 10,000 BC and ending when the first Civilization started |
| Specialization of Labor | focusing on one job an making one thing while relying on others for everything else |
| 3500 BC | Sumerians became a civilization |
| ca. 2300 BC | Sargon Invaded |
| ca. 1600 BC | Hittites came to power |
| ca. 1200 BC | Phoenicians became free |
| ca. 1000 BC | Hebrews established their first kingdom |
| ca. 700 BC | Assyrians conquered Phoenicia and Israel |
| ca. 612 BC | Chaldeans conquered Judah and enslaved the Jews |
| ca. 330 BC | Persians empire was conquered by Alexander (Greeks) |
| City-State | a central city and the surrounding farmland, usually walled in and has an independent government |
| Empire | a large settlement that controls many other peoples and places away from the central city |
| Theocracy | government run by a priest or priestess according to religious belief |
| Colony | a settlement owned by another settlement that is away and separate from that settlements home land |
| Pastoral Nomad | migratory herder who followed established trade routes and occasionally, in times of hardship, invaded |
| Indo-European | any group of people from central asia who spoke a language derived from one parent language |
| Polytheism | a religion worshiping multiple gods or deities |
| Dynasty | a series of rulers from the same family |
| Bureaucracy | an administrative government where many levels of appointed officials do the work of the government |
| Civil War | a war within a country, state, province, empire, etc. |
| 3100-2700 BC | Predynastic period; unification and writing began |
| 2700-2200 BC | Old Kingdom; Pyramids |
| 2200-2000 BC | 1st Intermediate; civil war moved capital to Thebes |
| 2000-1650 BC | Middle Kingdom; Trade expansion and red sea canal |
| 1650-1550 BC | 2nd Intermediate; Bronze weapons and chariots |
| 1550-1100 BC | New Kingdom; Empire |
| 1100-331 BC | Decline and End |
| 2500 BC | Indus Civilization began |
| 1500 BC | Indo-Aryan Civilization began |
| 1000 BC | First Vedas were written |
| ca. 500 BC | When Siddhartha Gautama lived |
| Monsoon | a seasonal wind pattern in southeast asia; dry in winter, wet in summer; unpredictable |
| Aryan | Indo-Europeans from central Asia who spoke sanskrit; war-like and nomadic, light skinned; invaded India and started 2nd Indian civilization |
| Sanskrit | Indo-European language brought by Aryans to India, became writing in 1000 BC |
| Kshatriyas | The warrior varna of the caste system; second highest varna composed of Aryan people |
| Sudras | lowest varna in the caste system composed of Indus people who did labor jobs |
| Atman | the individual soul |
| Brahmins | the priestly caste of hinduism |
| Karma | the belief that what you do in this life determines how you will be reborn into the next life |
| Dharma | the divine law of Hinduism and the caste system |
| Middle Path | Right View, Right Mindfulness, Right Concentration, Right Effort, Right Speech, Right Intention, Right Livelihood, |
| Xia Dynasty | legendary first Chinese dynasty that was said to begin around 2000 BC |
| Aristocracy | government where power, wealth, and lands are in the hands of the hereditary upper class (aristocrats) |
| Ancestor Worship | Chinese practice of worshiping dead relatives to bring good or bad luck to the family and burning offerings to them |
| Dao | the natural order of things; "the way" |
| Filial Piety | "respect of the son for the father" a social concept that is the heart of the family concept. All members of the family must subordinate themselves to the desires of the male head of the family |
| Analects | Confucius's sayings written down by his followers |
| Laozi | legendary creator of daoism, said to have lived 500 BC |
| Legalism | political philosophy in which harsh law, force, and following the law through fear of punishment are all used |
| Ideographs | a combination of two or more pictographs to represent an idea |
| 1750 BC | Beginning of the Shang Dynasty; China became Civ. |
| 1045 BC | End of the Shang Dynasty, beginning of the Zhou Dynasty and the Western Zhou period at Xian |
| ca. 500 BC | emergence of Confucianism and Daoism; time of trouble and chaos in China |
| 403 BC | beginning of the Period of Warring States(warfare between territories to find the next dynasty) |
| 256 BC | official end of the Zhou Dynasty, continued civil war though |
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