Muscular System
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33 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Fascia | a sheet or band of fibrous connective tissue separating or binding together muscles and organs etc |
| Epimysium | Connective tissue layer surrounding an individual muscle |
| Perimysium | Connective tissue surrounding a fascicle |
| Endomysium | Connective tissue surrounding a muscle fiber |
| Fascicle | A bundle of muscle fibers |
| Sarcomere | the basic contractile unit of striated muscle; the segment of a myofibril between two adjacent z-lines |
| Sarcolemma | cell membrane of a muscle cell |
| Sarcoplasmic reticulum | Organelle of the muscle fiber that stores calcium. |
| Motor neuron | a neuron conducting impulses outwards from the brain or spinal cord |
| Neuromuscular junction | point of contact between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle cell |
| Neurotransmitter | transmits nerve impulses across a synapse |
| Synaptic gap (cleft) | the tiny gap at this junction (synapse) |
| Myofibril | A series of sarcomeres; several are contained within one muscle fiber |
| Myosin | protein that makes up the thick filaments in striations in skeletal muscle cells |
| Actin | protein that mainly makes up the thin filaments in striations in skeletal muscle cells |
| Acetylcholine | a neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also triggers muscle contraction |
| ATP/ADP | adding a phosphate group to ADP stores a small amt of energy. removal of a phosphate group releases a small amt of energy. |
| Acetylcholinesterase | enzyme that catalyzes breakdown of acetylcholine, preventing sustained muscle contraction from a single nerve impulse |
| Creatine phosphate | an organic compound of creatine and phosphoric acid |
| Oxygen debt | The amount of oxygen required after physical exercise to convert accumulated lactic acid to glucose |
| Threshold stimulus | The minimal strength required to cause a contraction |
| All or none response | When a muscle fiber contracts, it contracts completely |
| Summation | (physiology) the process whereby multiple stimuli can produce a response (in a muscle or nerve or other part) that one stimulus alone does not produce |
| Twitch | make an uncontrolled, short, jerky motion |
| Muscle tone | the state of balanced muscle tension that makes normal posture, coordination, and movement possible |
| Recruitment | an increase in the number of motor units being activated |
| Hypertrophy | excessive growth or development, as of a body part |
| Atrophy | Any weakening or degeneration (especially through lack of use) |
| Origin | less moveable of the two bones is considered to be the starting point of the muscle |
| Insertion | the point of attachment of a muscle to the part that it moves |
| Prime mover | A muscle that is the primary actor in a given movement, that is, the muscle that produces the movement in muscle contraction. |
| Synergist | muscles that contract simultaneously with the prime mover to facilitate more effective movement (helps execute movement or steady a part) |
| Antagonist | a muscle that relaxes while another contracts |
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