module 29
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28 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What does blood consist of? | 10 pints of plasma, red blood cells called erythrocytes, and white blood cells referred to as leukocytes and platelets |
| blood cells are classified into two groups. what are these two groups | red blood cells, white blood cells |
| name two differences between red and white blood cells. | 1. function 2. appearance |
| describe the elements of blood | 55% plasma, 45% erythrocytes, 1 percent leukocytes and platelets |
| why are erythrocytes pulled to the bottom of the tube during centrifuge | because they are denser |
| what is the layer between the plasma and red blood cells called? | buffy coat |
| the ratio of height of the erythrocyte column to the height of the whole blood column expressed as a percentage. | hematocrit |
| a condition in which there is an increase in the proportion of blood volume that is occupied by red blood cells. | polycythemia |
| aqueous solution in which a great variety of solutes (proteins, small nutrients such as glucose, lipids & amino acids),metabolic waste products (urea & lactic acid) & electrolytes are dissolved | plasma |
| cells that lack nuclei, mitochondria and other organelles such as ribosomes that are necessary for manufacturing proteins | erythrocytes |
| fibrous protein that forms a network linked to the plasma membrane. | spectrin |
| the major function of erythrocytes is to transport _____ and ____ in the blood | oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| why do erythrocytes have a high capacity for carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide? | because they contain hemoglobin and carbonic anhydrase in their cytoplasm |
| the most abundant protein in erythorocytes. | Hemoglobin |
| what is the structure of hemoglobin? | 4 polypeptide chains, two alpha and two beta, each has an iron containing ring structure known as a heme group |
| is a protein found in erythrocytes. catalyzes the reversible conversion of carbon dioxide and water to carbonic acid. | carbonic anhydrase |
| what is the life span of erythrocytes? | 120 days |
| what organ removes old erythrocytes? | spleen |
| where are erythrocytes produced | bone marrow |
| released from cells in the kidney in response to low oxygen levels in blood | erythropoietin |
| what are the dietary requirements for erythrocytes? | iron, folic acid, vitamin b12 |
| engulf microorganisms, abnormal cells, and foreign particles by phagocytosis | neutrophils |
| secrete enzymes that kill parasites; contribute to tissue damage in allergic reactions | eosinophils |
| secretes chemical mediators of inflammation and allergic reactions | basophils |
| secrete cytokines; engulf microorganisms by phagocytosis | monocytes |
| migrate into tissues where they become big eaters | macrophages |
| play various roles in immune system | lymphocytes |
| when a blood vessel is damaged, intrinsic mechanisms trigger a constriction called __________ which increases resistance to blood flow. | vascular spasm |
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