Science Chapter 6 Test 12 12 11 test
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18 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 species | group of physically similar organisms that can mate and produce offspring that can also mate and reproduce |
| variation | any difference between individuals of the same species |
| 5 pieces of evidence for evolution | (1) DNA-speces inherited genes from a common ancestor (2) FOSSILS-organims that lived in the past were very different from organisms that live today (3) EMBRYOS-similar develoment of tails and gills suggest a common ancestor (ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny) (4) SIMILAR STRUCTURES- similar body arts such as bone and muscle inheritied from a common ancestor (5) VESTIGIAL STRUCTURES- I.e. appendix, somethng e no longer need in our body |
| Darwin's Theory of Evolution | 1) Individual organisms differ, 2) Organisms produce more offspring than can survive, 3) Organisms compete for limited resources, 4) Natural selection causes species to change over time, 5) All organisms on Earth evolved from common ancestors |
| Intelligent Design | the world is so complex that there must've been some kind of "higher intelligence" or supernatural being behind it NOT SCIENCE |
| Lamark | -before Darwin - use and disuse (parts that are used become bigger and stronger while other parts deteriorate) and -inheritance of acquired characteristics (organism can pass on "modifications" to its offspring) -THIS IS FALSE! |
| Gradualism | The theory that evolution occurs slowly but steadily |
| Punctuated Equilibrium | a theory that new species can develop quickly during brief periods of rapid genetic change |
| How do prey numbers affet predators? | If there is not a lot of pre for a predator, predator population will decline |
| Diversity | group of somilar organizsms that can mte with each other and produce fertile offspring (that can mate, too) |
| Ardipithicus | 5-6 million years ago in Eastern Africa nomadic, scavenger, oldest known ancestor, opposing toe (foot like a hand) means not completely bipedal quadruped in trees, biped on ground woodland omnivore (ARDI) |
| Australopithicus | Lived from 4.5 million to 1 million BCE bipedal; s shaped spine; large chewing teeth, • Found in southern and eastern Africa ( LUCY) |
| Homohabilis | 3-1.5 million years ago; 666 cc; nicknamed "handy man" because they had tools; nomads/scavengers; social groups; africa |
| Homoerectus | 1.5 million years ago upright human beings, large brain less teeth and jaws they learned to use tools and fires were the first to leave Africa |
| Homo neandertalensis | 125,000 −40,000 years ago; europe, mideast, africa; 1500 cc - large brain (bigger then modern humans); large and powerful; Ice age adaptations - tools, clothing; had language and religion (funerals); cared for elderly |
| How can variations evolve in a population | MUTATIONS (inheritable change in DNA). Whether a mutation is good, neutral, or harmful depends on how it affects survival and reproductive success. |
| microevolution | evolution resulting from smal,l specific genetic changes that can lead to a new subspecies (pests become resistant to pesticides) |
| macroevolution | large scale evolutionary changes that take place over longer periods of time ---> new speices (whales from land-dwelling mammals) |
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