bacterial-diseases-of-the-respiratory-system
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27 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Upper respiratory system | 1) Diphtheria 2) Streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat) 3) Scarlet fever (not really upper respiratory but is a complication of strep throat which ends up in the respiratory system) |
| Lower respiratory system | 1) Pertussis (whooping cough) 2) Tuberculosis 3) Pneumonia 4) Atypical (walking) pneumonia 5) Legionella (Legionnaire's disease |
| Diphtheria | -caused by Corynebacterium diphtheria -Gram positive, classified as a bacillus but it's really pleomorphic -The bacterium must be viral infected to cause Diphtheria when this happens it causes toxins which cause the disease, this is called Lysogenic conversion |
| Diphtheria-incubation and transmission | -Incubation - variable -Transmission - by inhalation of cough produced droplets |
| Diphtheria-symptoms | -Symptoms - slight fever, fatigue, sore throat, (very characteristic examples are next) bull neck and formation of pseudo membrane which is a thick grayish/white membrane over the soft pallet and tonsils- - the above symptoms are if the disease is treated quickly if not treated quickly it can cause death from the toxin by progressive organ failure |
| Diphtheria-diagnosis and treatment | - Diagnosis is based on symptoms of bull neck and pseudo membrane - Controlled by antibiotics, i.e. penicillin, chepalaxporan and antitoxin which is produced in horses |
| Lysogenic conversion | is when a situational virus infects bacteria and provides some genetic information to make a toxin and the toxin causes symptoms of disease |
| Streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat) - caused by Streptococcus pyogenes | Gram positive coccus AKA group A Beta hemolitic strep -Group A pertains to having a marker molecule on cell for identifying purposes -Beta hemolitic pertains to Beta hemolysis -Transmitted by inhalation of respiratory secretions or possible organisms could be normal flora but not probable |
| Streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat) - caused by Streptococcus pyogenes | -Symptoms inflamed throat, mucus becomes inflamed, inflamed tonsils, swollen lymph nodes, fever -Diagnosis- classic way is to swab back of the throat for testing, another way is the "instant strep test" (there are a # of these instant tests) process is the same, you have to swab the back of the throat for testing |
| Streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat) - caused by Streptococcus pyogenes | Treatment - penicillin is the drug of choice, some drug resistance is seen with this drug, erythromyacin is the 2nd choice -A common problem with Strep is middle ear infection AKA otitis media |
| Scarlet fever - caused by Streptococcus pyogenes | -This is a complication of strep throat - a viral infected strain of Streptococcus pyogenes, these strains produce an Erythrogenic (red causing) toxin -Transmission - inhalation of respiratory secretions |
| Scarlet fever - caused by Streptococcus pyogenes- symptoms and treatment | -Symptoms are typically red skin rash, due to an allergic reaction to toxin, high fever, tongue becomes spotted and swollen, a week later the red skin rash will peel, deafness -Treatment - penicillin, erythromyacin |
| Pertussis (whooping cough) - caused by bordetella pertussis | Gram negative coccobacillus -Transmission - inhalation respiratory secretions, coughs, highly contagious, usually seen in infants -incubation 10 days |
| Pertussis (whooping cough) - caused by bordetella pertussis-Symptoms - | mild cough, sneezing, inflamed throat at this point the upper symptoms - next 10-14days go to the lower system then severe cough (trouble inhaling) vomiting, sometimes the violence of the cough will crack ribs, lasts 2-3 weeks |
| Pertussis (whooping cough) - caused by bordetella pertussis-Treatment - | erythramyacin, ampicillin, tetracycline -patient will have partial immunity upon recovery of disease but if they do get it again it will be milder |
| Tuberculosis - caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis | Gram positive acid fast bacillus -Transmission - 75% of cases is respiratory from inhalation but you can get it from skin or GI -historically this disease is from overcrowding and poverty, now it's aid's patients and HIV |
| Tuberculosis - caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis-incubation | 2-6 weeks then we get into primary infection - macrophages engulf bacteria then they actively multiply inside of the microphages, microphages move all over the body. at this point no symptoms are seen or mild flu like symptoms |
| Tuberculosis - caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Primary infection | is hypersensitive response = allergic response - tubules in the lungs can be seen at this time - these tubules become separated by us building walls around them and then the walls become calcified and then they are inactive because they are surrounded by calcified walls but if the patient is not healthy to start with then they will experience the following symptoms - necrosis of lung tissue, chronic fever, weight loss, night sweats, persistent cough which is blood tinged, at this point not uncommon to spread to other organs |
| Tuberculosis - caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis(diagnosis) | -Diagnosis - PPD (purified protein derivative, Chest X-ray, Acid-fast stain sputum sample -Vaccine - BCG vaccine (bacilli Calmette Guerin) not used in US |
| Tuberculosis - caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis-(treatment) | highly drug resistant organism - treatment will last 6-9 months to 2 years, they will be given -more common in men over 50 years of age classic with alcoholism, malnutrition, and diabetics and almost always occur in lungs -a coctail of drugs will be used - hard core drugs make the patient feel crappy - we can't really afford to hospitalize so we rely on the patient to continue taking the meds and they don't take it for the entire time so they get drug resistant (drugs used are Isoniazin, rifampin, ethambutol and others) |
| Pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae | Gram positive coccus -vaccine Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine given to elderly and high risk patients -transmission - possibly/likely normal flora in upper respiratory |
| Pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae | -symptoms-fever, adema of lungs, fluid produced in lungs, which makes gas exchange difficult -70% of cases will have spontaneous recovery in 5-7days if treatment is required then penicillin or erythramyacin will be used |
| Atypical (walking pneumonia )- (1) | caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae lacks a cell wall so not gram positive or negative - slow grower -incubation 2-3 weeks, ages most common 5-15 years old, found in close social groups like daycare |
| Atypical (walking pneumonia )- (2) | -inhalation or normal flora is not common -symptoms fever, cough, edema of lungs, often self limiting (you recover without treatment) no immunity -treatment - tetracycline, erythramyacin |
| Pneumonia (1)caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae | Gram bacillus forms capsules -transmission is normal flora, 5-10% of people are normal, common in nature ie soil, water, and on plants |
| Pneumonia (2)caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae | -causes other things surgical wound infection, UTI's -symptoms - same -Diagnosis based on symptoms -treatment - a million different |
| Legionella (Legionnaire's disease) - | ... caused by Legionella pneumophila |
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