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The construction site is to: (analogy) Ribosomes (analogy) The Master blueprints that never leave the architect's office is to: (analogy) DNA in the nucleus (analogy) The copies of blueprints that are taken to the construction site is to: (analogy) mRNA (analogy) The bricks for building is to: (analogy) amino acids (analogy) The mortar in between the bricks is to: (analogy) polypeptide bonds (analogy) The construction workers are to: (analogy) enzymes (analogy) The trucks carrying the bricks are to: (analogy) tRNA (analogy) What mRNA strand would pair up with: TACCGAGCTCCGATGATT AUGGCUCGAGGCUACUAA What mutations are the most devastating to an organism? Insertion and Deletion What mutation would not be the most devastating to an organism? substitution A section of DNA that codes for a protein Gene made up of exons and introns; DNA Another nucleic acid used in transcription and translation RNA It's the messenger, it carried message of DNA from nucleus to ribosome. mRNA transfers amino acids from cytoplasm to ribosomes to create protein tRNA They are what make base pairs; an example is Thymine nucleotide The purpose of tRNA is to bring the correct Amino acid to the _____.; Also where translation occurs. ribosomes a lot of these make up a protein amino acids a triplet of bases on the mRNA codon copy DNA exactly to put into a new cell DNA replication A mutation affecting only one or very few nucleotides in a gene sequence. Point mutation A genetic mutation caused by indels (insertions or deletions) of a number of nucleotides that is not evenly divisible by three from a DNA sequence . Frame shift mutation What is the role or roles of DNA polymerase? builds DNA strands, proofreads DNA How is it possible that cells differentiate into different kinds of cells (skin, heart, etc) when all DNA is present in all cells? it uses the parts of the DNA it needs, but turns off the parts it doesn't need What are the three parts of a nucleotide? 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group, one of four bases What holds nitrogen bases together? hydrogen bonds Describe the process of making proteins. Start with DNA in the nucleus. DNA can't leave the nucleus, so it has to copy the gene it wants. Complimentary bases line up along DNA, makes mRNA which travels to ribosome. Describe the process of DNA replication. Split apart DNA ,fill in the new ones purpose: to create a new cell What is the purpose of DNA replication? to create an identical strand of DNA to end up in a new cell. What is the purpose of transcription? to create A COPY OF DNA to end up in a new cell (now mRNA) What is the purpose of translation? to use mRNA to make proteins Where is DNA replication located? nucleus Where is transcription located? nucleus Where is translation located? ribosome What is the outcome (made after the process of) of DNA replication? an identical DNA strand What is the outcome (made after the process of) Transcription? mRNA What is the outcome (made after the process of) translation? Proteins/chain of amino acids What kind of sugar is used in DNA? Deoxyribose What kind of sugar is used in RNA? Ribose What are the bases for DNA? ATCG What are the bases for RNA? AUGC How many backbones does DNA have? 2 How many backbones does RNA have? 1 What size is DNA? very large What size is RNA? very small What would happen if a ribosome skipped one or more codons? There would be a difference in the structure of the protein which can make the protein have a different function. Describe the steps involved in adding amino acids to a polypeptide chain on a ribosomes. The ribosomes uses tRNA to match the current codon on the mRNA. This adds another Amino Acid. That's done for each triplet. 99% of your DNA where it doesn't matter if something happens. Intron What are the four nitrogen bases? Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine How many hydrogen bonds are between G-C? 3 bonds How many hydrogen bonds are between A-T? 2 bonds DNA polymerase function adds DNA nucleotides to the end of the RNA primer