Basic Epidemiology Terms
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Created by:
maineendwellgrappler on April 2, 2009
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Basic epidemiology terms and definitions.
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29 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Agent | Entity necessary to cause disease in a susceptible host |
| Pathogenicity | The capacity to cause infection in a susceptible host |
| Virulence | The severity of disease that the agent causes in the host |
| Host | The organism that is susceptible to the effect of the agent |
| Environment | The conditions or influences that are not a part of the agent or host, but influence their interactions |
| Source for the Agent | Place where the agent originates, lives, grows, and multiples |
| Portal of Exit | Pathway by which the agent can leave the source |
| Mode of Transmission | The means of carrying the agent to the host |
| Direct Transmission | Transmission through contact |
| Indirect Transmission | Airborne, Vector borne, or Vehicle borne transmission |
| Portal of Entry | Pathway into the host that gives the agent access to tissue where it can multiply or act |
| Epidemic | Occurrence of more cases of disease than would normally be expected in a specific place or group of people over a given period of time |
| Outbreak | Another term for "Epidemic" |
| Endemic | High background rate of disease |
| Pandemic | Very widespread, often global, disease |
| Case Definition | Set of standard criteria for deciding whether or not a person has a certain disease |
| Absolute Risk | The observed or calculated probability of an event under study |
| Association | Statistical dependence between two or more events, characteristics, or other variables |
| Bias | Deviation of results or inferences from the truth, or processes leading to such deviation |
| Case-Control Study | Retrospective comparison of exposures of persons with disease to those of persons without the disease |
| Cohort Study | Prospective of exposed and non-exposed defined groups, with a comparison of disease rates during the time covered |
| Dose-Response Relationship | A relationship in which change in amount, intensity, or duration of exposure is associated with a change - either an increase or decrease - in risk of a specific outcome |
| Determinant | Any definable factor that effects a change in health condition or other characteristic |
| Incidence | The number of new cases of illness commencing, or of persons falling ill, during a specified time period in a given population |
| Odds Ratio | A measure of the degree of association |
| Prevalence | The proportion of persons with a particular disease within a given population at a given time |
| Prognosis | The possible outcomes of a disease or condition and the likelihood that each one will occur |
| Relative Risk | The ratio of the probability of developing, in a specified period of time, an outcome among those receiving treatment or exposed to a risk factor, compared with the probability of developing the outcome if the risk factor or intervention is not present |
| Risk Factors | Patient characteristics or factors associated with an increased probability of developing a disease or condition |
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