U.S. History Fall Exam
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76 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Christopher Columbus | Was looking for a trade route to China and India but ended up in the Americas |
| Columbian Exchange | The exchange of food, medicine, government, technology, arts, language, and good between EASTERN and WESTERN Hemispheres |
| Northwest Passage | A water passage through or around North America that would connect the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans |
| 1607 | Founding of the first permanent English colony at Jamestown, Virginia. In the year... |
| Tobacco | Proved to be a viable cash crop, which allowed Jamestown to survive and prosper |
| House of Burgesses | An elected council of men who made laws for the Jamestown colony, and the 1st representative assembly in the American colonies. |
| John Smith | Key Jamestown leader who helped the colony survive |
| Pilgrims | A group of English settlers who wanted to practice their own religion freely, and they established the colony at Plymouth |
| Mayflower Compact | 1620: America's first example of true self-government. The Pilgrims agreed to make laws for the general good of the colony. |
| Native American tribes | helped the Pilgrims survive during the long winter months. |
| Puritans | A religious group of settlers who wanted to reform the Church of England. They established the Massachusetts Bay Colony. |
| Fundamental Orders of Connecticut | The first written constitution in America. |
| Town Meetings | A place where settlers would discuss and vote on the issues of the day. |
| Religion | The primary reason for the establishment of the New England Colonies |
| Political | The primary reason for the establishment of the Middle Colonies |
| Quakers | A group of religious pacifists who were persecuted in Europe. |
| William Penn | Who established Pennsylvania as a safe haven for Quakers? |
| Economic | The primary reason for the establishment of the Southern Colonies |
| Nathaniel Bacon. Bacon's Rebellion | An uprising in which a group of settlers led by......attacked Indian tribles along the Virginia frontier. |
| Mercantilism | An economic theory which states, that a nation becomes strong by keeping strict control over its trade |
| Triangular Trade | A trade route carrying goods between New England, West Africa, and the West Indies |
| Massachussets, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire | New England Colonies: |
| New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware | Middle Colonies: |
| Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia | Southern Colonies: |
| French and Indian War | England gained control of a large portion of North America with a victory in this war |
| Proclamation of 1763 | An English law forbidding colonists to settle West of the Appalachian Mountains |
| Boston Massacre | A direct reaction to the Intolerable Acts. Used as propaganda to show how cruel and unfair the British were |
| British taxation of the American Colonies | Pay off debt from Fench and Indian War Assert authority over the English colonies Help pay for the cost of having British soldiers defend the American frontier |
| Sons of Liberty | Radical group of Patriots who persuaded through force, propaganda and intimidation |
| Boston Tea Party | Sons of Liberty throw English tea into Boston Harbor as a reaction to the Tea Act |
| Actions of the First Continental Congress | Boycott of all English products Ordered all colonies to start training militias Showed support for the colony of Massachussetts |
| The first shot of the American Revolution fired at Lexington | "The Shot Heard Round the World" |
| Battles of Lexington and Concord | First battles of the American Revolution |
| Intolerable Acts | Shut down the port of Boston Extened the Quartering Act British officials charged with crimes and could only be put on trial in England |
| Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Boys | Led a surprise attack on Fort Ticonderoga. Patriots gained valuable supplies. |
| Advantages of the Patriots going into the war | Knowledge of the land Great fighting spirit George Washington's leadership |
| Advantages of the British going into the war | Better supplies Well trained, experience soldiers Superior navy |
| Thomas Paine and Common Sense | Wrote and influential book that made many Americans believe that independence was necessary |
| 1776 | Declaration of Independence was in what year? |
| Battle of Saratoga | Turning point in the war. Convinced France to enter the war on the side of the Patriots |
| George Washington | Commander of the Continental Army |
| Valley Forge | The cold and harsh winter of camp of George Washington's army |
| Battle of Yorktown | Patriot victory that effectively ended the Revolutionary War |
| Treaty of Paris | Gave America independence U.S. would extend to the Mississippi River U.S. agreed to pay for damages to loyalist's property during the war |
| Reasons for American victory in the Revolutionary War | Foreign help Patriotism George Washington's leadership |
| Weaknesses of the Articles of the Confederation | No system of courts to settle disputes between the states. Couldn't regulate trade. No military. No power to tax. No president. |
| Northwest Ordinance | Set up an orderly pattern for growth in the West. Only success of the Articles of Confederation. |
| Shay's Rebellion | Proved that the Articles of Confederation didn't work |
| 1787 | The U.S. Constitution was in what year? |
| The Virginia Plan | Favored large states. Representaion in the legislative branch was based on population. |
| The New Jersey Plan | Favored small states. Representation in the legislative branch was equal. |
| The Great Compromise | Combined the Virginia and New Jersey Plans |
| Three-Fifths Compromise | Three-fifths of the slave population would count toward representation and taxation rates. |
| Federalists | Favored ratification of the Constitution Wanted a strong central (national) government Thought a bill of rights was UNnecessary |
| Anti-Federalists | Against ratification of the Constitution Favored states' rights Wanted a bill of right |
| Bill of Rights in ratifying the Constitution | Once the Federalists promised to include a bill of rights in the Constitution many states began to ratify the Constitution |
| The Bill of Rights | The first ten amendments of the Constitution |
| Executive Branch | Enforces the nation's laws |
| Legislative Branch | Makes the nation's laws |
| Judicial Branch | Interprets the nation's laws |
| The Seven Principles of the Constitution | Federalism, Popular Sovereignty, Republicanism, Seperation of Powers, Checks and Balances, Limited Government, and Individual Rights |
| Amendment Process | Proposed by the Congress with a two-thirds vote in both houses, and then ratified by the legislature of three-fourths of the states |
| First Amendment | Freedom of Speech, Religion, Press, Assembly, and Petition |
| Second Amendment | Right to keep and bare arms |
| Thomas Jefferson | Wrote the Declaration of Independence |
| James Madison | Father of the Constitution |
| George Washington | General of the Continental Army. President of the Constitutional Convention |
| Anne Hutchinson | Thrown out of the Massachusetts Bay Colony for her religious beliefs |
| Benjamin Franklin | Inventor, statesman, scientist, author, and cartoonist |
| Thomas Paine | Credited with writing Common Sense |
| Baron von Steuben | European soldier credited with training the Continental Army at Valley Forge |
| Marquis de Lafayette | George Washington's second in command |
| Baron de Montesquieu | Who expressed the idea of seperation of powers? |
| John Locke | Expressed the idea of natural rights |
| John Smith | Key leader at Jamestown who helped the colony survive |
| John Rolfe | Introduced tobacco to the Jamestown economy. Married Pocahontas |
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