Pre-History and Mesopotamia Exam Flashcards
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62 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Culture | way of life-- customs; handed down generation by generation |
| Archaeologist | someone who digs up artifacts; a person that actually FINDS the artifacts |
| Anthropologist | studies people/ culture |
| Historian | someone who writes about what others (archaeologists) have found |
| Artifact | any object made and left behind by human beings |
| Technology | the tools someone would use to complete tasks... i think |
| Nomad | term for people who wander from place to place in search of food |
| Fossil | any remains, impression, or trace of a living thing of a former geologic age, as a skeleton, footprint, etc. |
| Animism | the belief that there are spirits in everything-- animals, plants, all objects |
| Domesticate | to 'tame" animal(s) |
| Paleolithic Age | 1st part of Stone Age--nomads; hunters and gatherers -follow animals and also follow the ripening fruit/ plants |
| Neolithic Age | 2nd part of Stone Age--settle down and become farmers and herders |
| Prehistory | refers to the time before the technology, writing, was invented/ created |
| Civilization | a group of people who settle down and advance in that place; characteristics are cities, class structure, job specialization, writing, government, advanced religion, art and architecture, public works |
| Surplus | extra -food -supplies |
| Job Specialization | people cannot do everything, so they get good at one thing, or become specialized -causes people to depend on each other because they all do different things, so they need others to do the things they do not do for themselves |
| Class Structure | the way a civilization is divided; usually by class, or section--- typically: king/pharaoh, nobles, middle class, poor people and servants -also called the "pecking order" |
| Cultural Diffusion | when two or more cultures come in contact with each other and they obtain some of each others customs |
| Iceman | -man found preserved in ice -great historical find because it showed them that they were more advanced than previously through, he showed them! - |
| Jared Diamond | -came up with theory as to why inequality exists -go to video notes and look through them lots!!! |
| Jared Diamond's Theory | says that the reason inequality exists is because some people have good crops and good animals, while others have animals and crops that do not allow them to advance much at all |
| Polytheistic | the belief in many gods |
| Monotheistic | the belief in only one god |
| Artisans | skilled craft workers |
| Scribes | specially trained people who knew how to read/ write |
| City-State | political unit made up of a city and the surrounding area |
| Empire | groups of states or territories controlled by one ruler |
| Epic of Gilgamesh | what we learn from it about them: -envied gods' immortality -idea of a warlike hero -religious beliefs -connects to other stories (Noah's Ark) because in both, God/ gods get mad and flood the world |
| Sumerian School Days | story about teh kid and his typical day at school -look back at the story -tells us some about beliefs in how people should act -don't talk when teacher is talking etc |
| Hierarchy | system of ranks |
| Ziggurat | temple with a shrine at top |
| Cuneiform | 1st form of writing, wedge shaped |
| Codify | arrange and set down in writing |
| Criminal Law | branch of law that deals with offenses against others |
| Civil Law | branch of law that deals with private rights and matters |
| Tolerance | acceptance, such as that of a religion |
| Satrap | governor of a province in the Persian Empire |
| Satrapy | set up by Darius; province in the Persian Empire |
| Barter Economy | system in which one set of goods or services is exchanged for another |
| Money Economy | system in which goods are paid for with a token of an agreed value |
| Colony | a territory that is settled and then ruled by people from another land |
| "Carriers of Civilization" | Phoenicians |
| Torah | the first four books of the Bible-- where the Hebrew laws are written down |
| Covenant | binding agreement |
| Patriarchal | describing a family headed by a father/ husband/ oldest male |
| Sabbath | holy day for rest and worship |
| Prophets | spiritual leader believed to be interpreting God's will |
| Ethics | moral standards of behavior |
| Diaspora | the scattering of people |
| Babylonian Captivity | when Israelites became known as Jews; a time when Nebuchadnezzar forced many Israelites into exile in Babylon |
| Pictograms | a picture used to represent an object I THINK |
| Sargon (of Akkad) | -created first empire in history → Founder of the Sumero- Akkadian dynasty → First empire in history → United semitic people § Conquered Sumer, Syria (possibly got that far), Asia Minor, India, Ur Defeated Luaalzagesi, an actual man, or Uruk (leader of Sumer) → Ruled for 56 years |
| Enheduanna | -daughter of Sargon -became priestess of Ianna, combined her worship with the worship of another favorite god, Ishtar -this causes the empire to become more united because they all agree with this way of worship -one of the earliest known poets/ literature writer |
| Hammurabi | -Leader of Babylon 1790 BC, after Sargon -Brought much of Mesopotamia under his control -United Babylonian Empire Accomplishments: Code of Hammurabi, improved irrigation, organizes and trains army, repaired temples, built roads, postal service, developed trade |
| Ashurbanipal | -last king of Assyria -important because that was the height of this empire -built library at Nineveh -made a postal service -"patron" of the arts -encouraged the arts |
| Nebuchadnezzar | king and very effective ruler -made a wall around Babylon--insanely wide -Rebuilt Babylon-- coital -Hanging Gardens |
| Darius | -Set up provinces headed by a satrap § Created law code § Built hundreds of mile of roads § Introduced single Persian coin § Created postal service -Made himself known to his people □ Travels around |
| Characteristics of Civilization | ○ Cities ○ Class Structure ○ Job Specialization ○ Writing ○ Government ○ Advanced Religion ○ Art and Architecture ○ Public Works |
| Zoroaster | created the religion: Zoroastrianism § Persians polytheistic/ eventually found support § Perhaps thje first monotheistic religion § One universal- Ahura Mazda § Evil Spirit- Angra Mainyo, it is different in the book thought § Holy book- - Avesta § Paradise vs. hell § Good thoughts, good works, good deeds § United Empire through religion |
| Abraham | -known as founder of Judaism -gets group of people together and they migrate to Canaan |
| David | -united the different tribes into one large nation |
| Solomon | son of David -built a very extensive capital where Jerusalem was -tried to increase its influence on other powerful empires |
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