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indulgence the remission of the temporal punishment due to sins already forgiven by God; can be obtained by the Church for ourselves or for the souls in purgatory through certain works and prayers transubstantiation the term used to describe the changing of the bread and wine into the Body and Blood of Christ that takes place during the consecration of the Mass, by the power of the Holy Spirit through the words and actions of the priest blasphemy a thought, word, or act that shows contempt or hatred for God, the Church, and the saints, or sacred objects poor in spirit depending on God and making God more important than anyone or anything else evangelical counsels poverty, chastity, and obedience temperance a cardinal virtue that moderates the attraction of pleasures and helps us to bring our desires into balance conscience the ability to know the difference between good and evil, right and wrong natural law the law of God within us, which is known by human reason excommunication a severe penalty imposed by the Church for serious sins against the Catholic religion; it brings exclusion from participation in the sacramental life of the Church conversion turning back to God with all one's heart social sin unjust situations and conditions that negatively impact society and its institutions humanism a Renaissance philosophy that placed an increased emphasis on the importance of the human person Paschal Mystery the suffering, death, Resurrection, and Ascension of Jesus Christ The Great Commandment "You shall love the Lord, your God, with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your mind. This is the greatest and first commandment. The second is like it: You shall love your neighbor as yourself." (Matthew 22:37-39) Christendom the cultural and political atmosphere that came into existence during the HIgh Middle Ages in Europe when nearly everyone was Catholic and Catholicism influenced every aspect of people's lives Martin Luther an Augustinian priest that was angered by the abuses and scandals of the Church; began Protestant Reformation, formed new Christian community called the Lutherans Council of Trent an ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church, held in three sessions between 1545 and 1563 in Trento, Italy; prompted by the opposition of the Reformation, the council clarified and redefined the church's doctrine, abolished many ecclesiastical abuses, and strengthened the authority of the papacy; these measures provided the church with a solid foundation for the Counter-Reformation Renaissance a period marking the end of the Middle Ages and beginning of the Modern Age, characterized by a rediscovery of the cultures of ancient Greece and Rome and a revival of European culture Edict of Milan an order that granted religious tolerance throughout the Roman Empire and giving Christians the freedom of worship openly chastity the virtue by which we use our human sexuality in a responsible and faithful way moral decision-making the process by which we make choices between right and wrong, good and evil, eternal life and sin St. Thomas More the lord chancellor of England who was a devout Catholic Kingdom of God the power of God's love active in our lives and in our world following third commandment go to Church every Sunday and on holy days of obligation Black Death's effect on faith changed completely: tried to make most of life and stole from poor, sick, and disabled; took out anger on God and blamed him for all that was happening ways to live out the New Commandment pray and worship God, value each person's life, seek peace and justice ecumenical councils and importance councils formed by bishops and other church representatives of the Christian Church around the world; make decisions about the faith and such... well-formed conscience a conscience that is educated so that is able to recognize what is good and then direct us to act on that good