| Term | Definition |
|---|
| direction Portugal went on their explorations | east |
| Spain went ___. Across the Atlantic | west |
| Age of exploration: effect on Americas | 1. destroyed civilizations. 2. Killed people through war 3. labor/slaves 4. Missionaries destroyed traditional life patterns/culture |
| John Wycliffe | tried to initiate change in the Catholic church; his followers: Lollards |
| John Huss | early reformer who tried to initiate change in the Catholic church; his followers= Hussites |
| simony | paying for church positions |
| Nepitism | favoring family members |
| indulgences | excuses a sin that you have done; church was selling these; "tickets to heaven" |
| mysticism | turning away from the rigid Catholic Church |
| Mystics | people with special supernatural abilities |
| Martin Luther | came to reject Catholic ideas; said faith alone is necessary for salvation, objected to the selling of indulgences |
| Johon Tetzel | sold a ton of indulgences, and made a lot of money for the Catholic church. " A penny in the box, a soul out of Purgatory" |
| start of Protestant reformation | October 31, 1517 |
| Charles V | Hapsburg ruler of Spain who was also he Holy Roman Emp. |
| Edict of Worms | Meeting that condemned Martin Luther as a heretic |
| Fredrick III of Saxony | hid Martin Luther; was a German Prince |
| first Protestant Faith | Lutheranism |
| Peace of Augsburg | results in the division of Christianity in German states/ HRE: each state rule gets to choose; north=Protestant; South= Catholic |
| Protestant States | German states, Scotland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, Netherlands, England, Finland |
| Catholic States: | Portugal, Spain, Italy, Hungary, Austria France, Poland |
| John Knox | leader of the Calvinist Church in Scotland |
| Calvinist church of Scotland | Presbyterian church |
| most French protestants are this religion | Calvinists |
| French Protestants | Huguenots |
| King Henry VIII | founder of Anglicanism |
| Cathrine of Argon | Henry VIII's first wife; her nephew was the Holy Roman Emp; wasn't producing a male heir |
| Anne Boleyn | woman King Henry wanted to marry; her daughter=Queen Elizabeth |
| Ignatius Loyola | main founder of the Jesuits |
| Pope Paul III | initiated reformation of the Catholic Counter-Reformation |
| Council of Trent | reaffirmed Catholic teachings (ex: Faith AND good works); kept the 7 sacraments |
| People who wanted to Purify Anglican church | Puritans |
| Valois Dynasty | French Dynasty; is Catholic |
| Bourbon Dynasty | next in line after Valois; were Huguenots |
| Henry of Navarre | part of the Bourbon family; when he became king he converts to Catholocism, but allows Huguenots to live and worship, and hold office |
| Edict of Nantes | recognized Catholcism as officail religion of France, but gives Huguenots right to worship and hold all privileges of citizens |
| Phillip II | believed in militant Catholicism; tried to crush Calvinism |
| William of Orange | Dutch prince; resisted Phillip III |
| Pacification of Ghent | divides lands of the Netherlands: Protestant north and Catholic south |
| Queen Elizabeth | of the Tudor dynasty; England = leader of Prot. nations |
| Peace of Westphalia | states of the Holy Roman Empire are free; HRE is no more; shaped much of Europe into the way we know it today; reaffirmed the Peace of Augsburg; Calvinists gained legal recognition |
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