Biology 2011 Final
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72 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 ATP | adenosine triphosphate stores energy/fully charged |
| ADP | Adenosine Diphosphate stores energy/not fully charged |
| Biotic Factors | living parts of an ecosystem |
| Abiotic Factors | nonliving parts of an ecosystem |
| Habitat | the type of environment in which an organism or group normally lives or occurs |
| Nitrogen | N2O-turns into nitrite |
| Nitrite | NO2−turn into nitrate |
| Nitrate | NO3-turn into ammonia |
| Ammonia | NH3- yay ammnia |
| Ammonium | NH4+ |
| Orders of Biology Study | individual, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere |
| Methods of Biology Study | observation, experimentation, modelling |
| Where does an environment's energy come from? | Sol |
| What is the energy flow of living systems? | From one trophic level to another; consumption |
| What is the efficiency of energy transfer? | 10% |
| Autotroph | An organism that produces its own food |
| Producer | An organism that introduces energy to the environment |
| Photosynthesis | The process plants use to derive nutrients from sunlight |
| Heterotroph | An organism that feeds on other organisms; a consumer |
| Consumer | An organism that depends on others for energy |
| Herbivore | A consumer that eats plants |
| Carnivore | A consumer that eats other consumers |
| Omnivore | A consumer that eats both plants and other consumers |
| Detritivore | A consumer that eats dead matter |
| Decomposer | A consumer that returns nutrients from dead matter to the earth |
| Food chain | A direct line from one organism to another, showing energy flow |
| Food web | An intertwined mesh of food chains, illustrating a more complete set of interactions from an ecosystem |
| Trophic Level | A level of energy passage in a food chain/web/pyramid. Each successive unit contains 1/10 the energy of the previous |
| Ecological pyramid | A pyramid illustrating the shrinking amount of energy with each trophic level |
| Biomass | The mass of living organisms in an area |
| Biotic factor | A living component of an ecosystem that affects its state |
| Abiotic factor | A nonliving component of an ecosystem that affects its state |
| Nitrogen fixation | Caused by lightning strikes and anaerobic bacteria; converts nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3) |
| Nitrification | Bacteria process ammonia (NH2) into nitrites (NO2-) and nitrates (NO3-) |
| Assimilation | Nitrites (NO2-), nitrates(NO3-), ammonium (NH4-) and ammonia (NH3-) are all absorbed by plants to make proteins, DNA, and RNA |
| Ammonification | The decomposition of waste or dead matter releases nitrogen (N2) into the soil, where decomposers convert it to ammonia (NH3-) |
| Denitrification | Different bacteria convert nitrate (NO3-) into nitrogen gas (N2) |
| DNA | A nucleic acid that contains the codes to build life, formed by plants from assimilation |
| RNA | Another, simpler, nucleic acid |
| Protein | Biological compounds built with nitrogen |
| Habitat | The area in which a specific organism lives |
| Niche | The role a specific organism occupies--i.e. its food, its habitat, its water source, etc. |
| Competitive Exclusion Principle | If there are similarities between two organisms' niches, competition will arise, forcing one into either extinction, or evolution into a different niche |
| Predation | When one organism captures and feeds on another |
| Symbiosis | When two organisms cooperate in a manner that benefits at least one |
| Commensalism | Symbiosis where one organism benefits with no difference to the other |
| Mutualism | Symbiosis where both participants benefit |
| Parasitism | Symbiosis where one participant benefits, to the detriment of the other |
| Carrying Capacity | largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support |
| Predator | any animal that lives by preying on other animals |
| Prey | animal hunted or caught for food |
| human population growth | Growing almost exponentially for centuries and birth rate is higher than death rate in most countries |
| Benefits of Compost | Can be reused as soil does not go into land fills |
| benefits of recycling | Reuses products do not have to wast energy making new products |
| Birds from HHP | western gull clapper rail black oyster catcher |
| Invasive species | plants and animals that have migrated to places where they are not native |
| benefits of wetlands | provide food and protective habitats for many aquatic animals, protect coastlines from erosion, and reduce damage from hurricanes |
| Naval ship yard history | one of the biggest shipyard in west coast (navy); using a lot of toxins for atomic bombs in 2nd world war → discovered toxins and pesticides in water → SUPER FUND CLEAN UP BY GOV'T |
| power plant HHP | Oldest and dirtiest Community action that made it stop |
| Limiting factor | factor that causes the growth of a population to decrease |
| What characteristics do all living this have? | Cellular based, reproduction, evolution, adapt to environment, grow and develop, use process energy, metabolism, utilize water, DNA RNA |
| Sugar test: | most simple sugar:Glucose the one with least amount of sugar: sucrose |
| Starch test: | Potatoes have more starch the onion |
| What issues in CA | 2% of water is usable the rest is frozen or salty desalination is $$$ not practica CA: droughts not enough rain FARMERS: 50% DOMESTIC: 25% RIVERS/ECOSYSTEM: 25% have to share water |
| What parts of USA get most rain? | USA: SE (Florida/Alabama) |
| Where in CA do we get the most rain? | Winter and spring |
| When we do our best to conserve water how are we helping other people and the natural ecosystem? | water budgeting because when the city gets less water the environment gets more water |
| What is the concern about water? | we don't have enough fresh water, most is in oceans, polluted or frozen |
| What natural and human induced actions release excess Carbon into the atmosphere? | Burning coal, cutting down trees |
| Where can you find carbon on earth? | everywhere |
| What biological molecules are made form carbon? | carbohydrate lipids amino acids muclaic acids |
| What are some properties of carbon? | four bonding places, most common element, wants to bond with 2 oxygen, not commonly found alone |
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