Reproduction S. G. p. 1
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7 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Define Asexual reproduction, and describe 3 major forms. | Asexual reproduction occurs when offspring are produced from a single parent, without the fusion of genetic material from two parents. 1) Budding: seen in cnidarians; occurs when a portion of the parent organism pinches off to form a complete new individual. 2) Regeneration: seen in sponges, worms, and echinoderms; when rep ruction occurs by the regeneration of a couple organism from small fragments of their body 3) Parthenogenesis: seen in several species of fish and reptiles; development of offspring from an unfertilized egg. |
| Define Sexual Reproduction, and explain why sexual reproduction is considered evolutionarily more adaptive than asexual reproduction. | Sexual reproduction is the production of a new individual by the joining of two haploid reproductive cells called gametes, one from each parent. Sexual reproduction is considered evolutionarily more adaptive because it allows for greater genetic variation due to genetic recombination; only certain alleles from each parent are passed on, and children aren't exactly like either of the parent. This allows for the evolution of species by means of natural selection. |
| What are sequential & synchronous (simultaneous) hermaphroditism? | Sequential is when an individual starts off as one gender, and then turns into the other gender later in life. Synchronous is when an individual has male and female parts at the same time. |
| What is gametogenesis? | The formation of gametes. Begins when germ cell multiply by mitosis, resulting in diploid cells. |
| When does meiosis & mitosis occur in gametogenesis? | Mitosis occurs when germ cells replicate/multiply Meiosis occurs when the primary gametophyte splits into secondary gametophytes, and when secondary gametophytes split into gametes. |
| What are the 3 major differences between oogenesis & spermatogenesis (other than gender)? | 1) oogenesis is a discontinuous process (pauses), and spermatogenesis is a continuous process. 2) Oogenesis produces 1 viable gamete, and spermatogenesis produces 4 viable gametes. 3) In oogenesis, cytokinesis is unequal, and in spermatogenesis, cytokinesis is equal. |
| What are the functions of polar bodies? | Polar bodies function to discard the extra haploid sets of chromosomes left over from meiosis. |
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