The Later Middle Ages- Chapter 18

Terms	Definitions
Excommunicate	To be cast out of the church, a punishment popes could give that was worse than death, because they would not get into heaven.
Pope Gregory VII	Pope that believed Popes were above Kings and demanded and won power over Emperor Henry IV
Emperor Henry IV	King of Germany and Italy who thinks he holds all the power over the popes
Crusades	Long series of wars between Christians and Muslims in Southwest Asia for the Holy land.
Holy Land	Jerusalem where Jesus was believed to live, preach and died.
Pope Urban II	Pope of Western Europe who recruited people in the first crusade for the Holy land
King Richard I	King of England who's known as a great warrior and leader who fought against Saladin. He was also the Son of Aquitaine
Saladin	Leader of Muslim forces who was a brilliant leader and well respected by his men. He also known for respecting his enemies .
Clergy	The church officials
Magna Carta	Document listing rights that the king could not ignore. This gave rules that EVERYONE had to follow, even the king.
Parliament	Lawmaking body that governs England and advised the king
Hundred Years War	100 year war against England and France
Joan of Arc	Teenage French warrior who fought in the Hundred Years War to get England out of France. She was later captured and burned at the stake.
Black Death	Deadly Plague in Europe caused by infected rats from Asia. The plague killed more than 25 million people and about 1/3 of Europe

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