| Term | Definition |
|---|
| vertebral column | fishes have a backbone surrounding their spinal cord- brian is in a skull |
| chordate | any animal of the phylum Chordata having a notochord or spinal column |
| notocord | A flexible rod that supports a chordates back.- becomes backbone in adults |
| ectothermic | fish can not control their body temp |
| gills | take in O2, mouth opens constantly to pass water over gill filaments |
| counter current flow | when water that flows in the gills and blood flows in the gills in opposite directions |
| 85% | blood flows in the opposite directionto pick up about ___ dissolved O2 |
| chamber pump | type of blood circulation for fishes- 4 chambers to their heart |
| sinus venosus | is incorporated into the right atrium of the heart |
| atrium | upper right or left chamber of heart |
| ventrical | lower chamber of the heart that pumps blood out of the heart |
| conus arteriosus | chamber that is a second pump, it smooths the pulses and adds more force |
| chamber pump | this type of heart can be thought of as a tube with 4 chambers in a row |
| 4 chambers in the fishes heart | sinus venosus, atrium, ventrical,conus arteriosus |
| kidneys | filter fluids and control ion concentrations |
| nephrons | in fishes- regulates body's salt & water balance- |
| urine | removes waste in the form of ________ |
| reproduction of fishes | sexual- male and female release gametes near each other |
| fish with internal fertilization | sharks , skates & rays - male uses claspers to insert sperm- most have live birth |
| claspers | modified pelvic fins on a male shark that allows for transfer of sperm to female |
| major classes of fish | jawless, cartilaginous, bony fish |
| char of jawless fish | 1.coverd with heavy bony plates & no jaws 2.earliest vertebrate fossils are 500 mya- ostracoderm 3. scaleless, eel-like bodies with multiple gills slits and unpaired fins 4- skeleton made of cartilage |
| ostracoderm | the "bony-skinned" fish; first appeared during the Late Cambrian and thus are the oldest known vertebrates; characterized by a lack of jaws and teeth and presence of bony armor |
| ostracoderm | An extinct agnathan; a fishlike creature encased in an armor of bony plates. |
| 2 kinds of jawless fish | lamprey, hagfish |
| char of lamprey | fresh & salt water, jawless mouth is suckerlined with teeth that attach to other fish and sucks blood & bits of flesh out, feeds on other fishes |
| parasite | an animal or plant that lives in or on a host or feeds on another |
| char. of hagfish | scavenger, live on ocean floor, produce slime, blind- use tentacles to find food |
| jawless fish | have no scales, their skeletons are made out of cartilage, they dont have pairs of fins |
| hagfish | example of agnathan, eellike has a tongue with horny teeth in a round mouth surrounded by eight tentacles |
| char of cartilaginous fishes | 1-paired fins, 2-jaws with hinges 3-skeleton made of cartilage |
| cartilaginous fishes | Sharks,rays, and skates are cartilaginous. They have jaws and scales and skeletons made of cartilage. |
| major classes of cartilaginous fish | shark, ray, skate |
| calcium carbonate | strenghtens the cartilage of cartilaginous fish |
| placoid | cone shaped scales on shark which make it rough |
| shark teeth | modified scales in 6-10 rows, replace one in front if lost |
| bull shark | all sharks live in salt water except______ |
| why do sharks swim constantly | to take in O2- or they may rest in a current |
| Are sharks a predator | yes, they eat squid & fish |
| sharks sense of smell | they have a strong sense of smell - they can smell 1 drop of blood- 1 mile away |
| do sharks have a lateral line | yes |
| smallest groups of cartilaginous fish | ray & skates |
| body of ray & skate | flat,wide- well adapted for life on the ocean floor |
| teeth of ray & skate | flattened for crushing prey |
| fins of ray or skate | look like wings- they beat slow to swim or glide |
| how do ray or skate take in water | through spiracles just behind eyes , because the mouth is on the bottom of the body |
| sharp poisonous spine | used for defense by rays & skates |
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