| Term | Definition |
| Treaty of Medicine Lodge | agreement of 1867 that required the Plains Indians to move onto a reservation in Indian Territory |
| Battle of Palo Duro Canyon | battle which finally defeated the Texas Plains Indians by wiping out their horses, villages, and supplies |
| Battle of Adobe Walls | where 700 Indians attacked a trading post and were defeated by fewer than 30 whites who with buffalo gunsw |
| Quakers | members of the Society of Friends, some of whom became Indian agents in order to help prevent war |
| Victorio | Apache leader who fled into Mexico, and who conducted raids across the Rio Grande for years |
| Salt Creek Raid | Kiowa and Comanche attack on a wagon train that caused a shift in military policy toward Indians |
| Buffalo soldiers | name that American Indians gave to African American troops |
| Quanah Parker | Comanche leader whose mother was a captured settler |
| Treaty of the Little Arkansas | treaty under which Comanche and Kiowa leaders agreed to settle on a Panhandle reservation |
| Satanta | Kiowa leader who refused to accept reservation life and died in prison |
| Ranald S. Mackenzie | U.S. colonel who became famous fighting American Indians on the Texas frontier; defeated the Comanche at Palo Duro Canyon by destroying their villages, horses, and supplies |
| Cynthia Parker | settler captured and raised by Comanche Indians; she always wanted to return to the Comanche after she is returned to her family |
| Dawes General Allotment Act | U.S. law passed in 1887 that divided up reservation lands for American Indians and promised them U.S. citizenship |
| buffalo hides | demand for these increased nearly leading to this animals' extinction; a new tanning technology added to demand for these |
| reservation life | living here meant dealing with little food, poor soil, and lack of basic supplies |
| Henry O. Flipper | first black graduate of the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, whom took part in a campaign against the Apache while stationed at Ft. Davis |
| buffalo guns | allowed hunters to kill from a long distance away |