WC Terms
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96 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Darius | The emperor of the large Persian empire in about 500 B.C. |
| Zoraster | The founder of ancient persian religion Zorastrianism |
| Hammurabi | Led the people that conquered the fertile crescent in 1700 B.C. |
| Ahura Mazda | According to Zoraster, the forces of good were led by this person. |
| Magi | a follower of Zoroaster |
| Shiites | Followers of Ali, that claimed only descendates of Ali could become caliphs. |
| Sunni | Belived that any devout Muslim could become a caliph. |
| Kurds | The fourth biggest majority ethnic group in the middle east, turkish minority |
| Sumer | The first civilization in the Middle East. |
| Constantine | The Byzantine's capital |
| Torah | The hebrew's sacred book. |
| Byzantine | The eastern half of the roman empire,which included Greece, Asia Minor, Egypt, and the Fertile Crescent. |
| Alexander the Great | The man who set out to conquer the world, and ended up conquering Asia Minor, Syria, Palestine, and Egypt. He defeated the Persians. |
| Monotheism | Belief in One God |
| Polytheism | Belief on more than one god |
| Satrap | The governor of each province that was responsible for collecting taxes and keeping order. |
| Cuneiform | The ancient writing of the Sumerians that at first used pictographs, but then added phonetic symbols. |
| Martyr | People who suffer or die for their beliefs. |
| Ziggurat | A many-tiered temple that was the center of civilization |
| Oasis | A watering spot in the desert |
| Parable | A story with a lesson |
| Pope | Father of the Church |
| Phoenicians | The people that were run out by the Hitties but later invented a language |
| Hitties | Conquered the Fertile Crescent in about 1500 BC |
| persians | These people improved and expanded roads built by earlier people, and set up coinage |
| Babylonians | These people conquered the fertile crescent in about 1700 B.C. |
| Hejira | Muhammad's migration from Mecca to Medina |
| Caliph | Leader of Muslim |
| Crusade | A holy war |
| Mandate | A territory that was administered but not owned by a member of the League of Nations. |
| Anti-Semitism | Hatred to jews |
| Hajj | Pilgrimage to Mecca |
| Shah | A persian emperor |
| Mecca | The Muslim "holy place" |
| League of Nations | A certain group that owned territories |
| Jihad | struggle that each muslim confronts to save his soul |
| Islam | The religion observed by the majority people in the Middle East. |
| Judaism | The most ancient of the three religions of the middle east. |
| Mosque | Muslim place of Worship |
| Koran | Muslim Holy Book |
| Palestine | A territory occupied by the UN 'till the late forties, but then handed over to the Jews. |
| Socialism | Individuals own their own human capital and the government most other, non-human resources |
| Young Turks | a revolutionary group of young army officers |
| Kemal Ataturk | was an Ottoman and Turkish army officer |
| Five PIllars | Certain things every islamic person must do |
| Suez Canal | The linking from the suez gulf to the meditaranian sea |
| Nasser | the second President of Egypt from 1956 until his deathTheocracy |
| Tehocracy | form of government in which a Deity is recognized as the supreme civil ruler |
| David ben Gurion | First Prime Minister of Israel |
| Balfour Declaration | Declaration to re-establish the Jews a home in Palestine |
| Sephardim | Jews from around the Mediterranean and Middle East |
| Ashkenazim | Jews from Eastern and Central Europe |
| Kibbutz | Cooperative Farm communities that many of the Jews that moved to Israel formed. |
| Intifada | literally means "uprising", Uprising of Palestines |
| reprisals | forceful attacks in response to an injury |
| Occupied Territories | lands seized by Israel during the 1967 war. |
| PLO | Palestine Liberation Organization |
| Yassir Arafat | The PLO leader |
| Camp David Accords | The first peace treaty between Israel and an Arab state. |
| Menachem Begin | The israeli prime minister that signed the Camp David Accords |
| Anwar Sadat | The egyptian prime minister that signed the Camp David Accords |
| OPEC | The group that had the goal of wanting to end the power of western oil companies over oil prices. |
| NATO | North Atlantic Treaty Orginazation |
| Six Day War | The Third Arab-Israeli War |
| Yom Kippur War | In this war, the arabs attacked on the holiest Jewish holiday in 1973. |
| Hamas | The terroist group that captured Gilad Shalit |
| Embargo | partial or complete prohibition of commerce and trade with a particular country, in order to isolate it |
| Communism | When the government takes full control over the economy |
| Adam Smith | Wrote the wealth of nations |
| Karl Marx | Wrote Communist Manefesto |
| Minaret | The tower outside a mosque |
| Suq | An arab market place |
| Bedouins | Desert Nomads, literally meaining "People of the tent". |
| Zionism | The jewish goal to get a homeland in palestine |
| Theodore Herzl | The former of zionism |
| People of the book | What Muhammad called christians and Jews |
| Ka'aba | A cube-shaped building in Mecca that includes a black stone sacred to Muslims |
| Diaspora | The scattering of jews around the world |
| Masada | The last stand for the Jews, it was when the Romans were attacking, and they committed suicide because they didn't want to give up their freedom. |
| Arab Srping | The uprising in the arab countries |
| Ali Abdullah Saleh | President of Yemen |
| Muammar Gaddafi | Dictator of Libya |
| Social media | The use of networking via internet that helped uprisings such as Facebook, Cellphones |
| Bouazizi | The "founder" of the arab uprising that self immolated |
| Occupy Wall Street | Riots in New York |
| Abu Bakr | 1st caliph after Muhammad |
| Holocaust | The slaughtering of many jews |
| Partition | The dividing of Palestine |
| Security Council | The group that helped divide palestine |
| Haqqani Network | over 1 hundred groups of terrorists, founded in Pakistan and operate in Afghanistan |
| Mossad | CIA of Israel |
| fundamentalist | religious movement or point of view characterized by a return to fundamental principles |
| Day of Rage | 20,000 protestors demonstrated against the government in Sana |
| Hulegu | Grandson of Genghis Khan that captured and ransacked the capital city of Abbasids in 1258 |
| FEMA | Federal Emergency Medical Agency |
| War of Independence | 1948, when David ben Gourion declared that the Jewish part of Palestine was now the state of Israel |
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