Chapter 8 Political Geography
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43 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Annexation | the formal act of acquiring something (especially territory) by conquest or occupation |
| Buffer State | a small country between two larger, more powerful countries |
| City-State | a city and its surrounding lands functioning as an independent political unit |
| Colonialism | Attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory. |
| Confederation | a political system in which a weak central government has limited authority, and the states have ultimate power. |
| Conference of Berlin (1884) | Regulated trade and colonization in Africa. It formalized the scramble to gain colonies in Africa and set up boundaries for each country's colonies |
| Decolonization | the action of changing from colonial to independent status |
| Devolution | the delegation of authority (especially from a central to a regional government) |
| Domino Theory | the political theory that if one nation comes under Communist control then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control |
| EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone) | As established in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, a zone of exploitation extending 200 nautical miles (370km) seaward from a coastal state that has exclusive mineral and fishing rights over it. |
| Enclave | an enclosed territory that is culturally distinct from the foreign territory that surrounds it |
| Exclave | a part of a country that is seperated from the rest of the country and surrounded by foreign territory. |
| European Union | an organization whose goal is to unite Europe so that goods, services, and workers can move freely among member countries |
| Federal | An internal organization of a state that allocates most powers to units of local government |
| Forward Capital | capital city positioned in actually or potentially contested territory usually near an international border, it confirms the states determination to maintain its presence in the region in contention. |
| Gerrymandering | the drawing of legislative district boundaries to benefit a party, group, or incumbent |
| Heartland | the central region of a country or continent |
| Rimland | The land, often islands and coastal plains, around the edge of an area |
| Iron Curtain | a political barrier that isolated the peoples of Eatern Europe after WWII, restricting their ability to travel outside the region |
| Irredentism | the doctrine that irredenta should be controlled by the country to which they are ethnically or historically related |
| Mackinder, Halford J. | Developed Heartland Theory |
| Heartland Theory | Hypothesis proposed by Halford MacKinder that held that any political power based in the heart of Eurasia could gain enough strength to eventually dominate the world. |
| Manifest Destiny | the belief that the United States was destined to stretch across the continent from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean |
| Median-line Principle | The system of drawing a political boundary midway between two states' coastlines when the territorial seas or EEZ are narrower than twice the standard or adopted limit. |
| Nation | a group of people with a common culture living in a territory and having a strong sense of unity |
| Nation-State | A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality |
| Reapportionment | the process of reassigning representation based on population, after every census |
| Reunification | bring together to parts of a country under one government (ex: Germany) |
| Satellite State | A political term that refers to a country which is formally independent, but under heavy influence or control by another country. |
| Self-Determination | Concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves |
| Shatterbelt | a region caught between stronger colliding external cultural-political forces, under persistent stress, and often fragmented by aggressive rivals (e.g., Israel or Kashmir today; Eastern Europe during the Cold War,...). |
| Sovereignty | ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states |
| Suffrage | the right to vote |
| Supranationalism | Term applied to associations created by three or more states for their mutual benefit and achievement of shared objectives |
| Theocracy | government run by religious leaders |
| Treaty Ports | colonial port cities that form an extension of the ruling colonial power |
| Unitary | Centralized government system, generally has a central capital as the focus of power. |
| Women's Enfranchisement | the right of voting when given to women |
| Compact State | A state in which the distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly |
| Fragmented State | A state that includes several discontinuous pieces of territory |
| Elongated State | A state with a long, narrow shape |
| Prorupt State | An otherwise compact state with a large projecting extension |
| Perforated State | A state that completely surrounds another one |
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