Oh for the love of biology
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27 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 interphase | period of the cell cycle between cell divisions |
| histone protein | protein molecule around which DNA is tightly coiled in chromatin |
| chromatin | granular material visible within the within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins |
| chromatid | one of the two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome |
| chromosome | threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next |
| centromere | area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached |
| homologous chromosome | A pair of chromosomes, one inherited from each parent, that have corresponding gene sequences and that pair during meiosis. |
| polar body | The cell that results from the asymmetric division of an oocyte |
| sperm | very small cells, they have to be able to swim by its fagella, with an acrosome w/ digestive enzymes, the head has receptor proteins; fertilizer of an egg |
| egg | gets a lot of cytoplasm, has to be haploid, reproductive |
| spindle | fanlike microtubule structure that helps seperate the chromosomes during mitosis |
| centriole | one of the two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope |
| cytokinesis | division of the cytoplasm during cell division |
| crossing over | process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis |
| Nucleic Acid | macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorous |
| DNA | the blueprint to make a protein |
| RNA | the transcript of the blue print which is translated into amino acids that make up proteins. |
| Nucleotide | monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base |
| Adenine | -thymine |
| Thymine | -adenine |
| Cytosine | -guanine |
| Guanine | -cytosine |
| Uracil | replaces thymine |
| Protein | macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair to make enzymes |
| Point Mutation | mutation that affects a single nucleotide, usually by substituting one nucleotide for another |
| Enzyme | protein that acts as a biological catalyst |
| Transgenic | term used to refer to an organism that contains genes from another organism |
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