| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Fractional distillation | A mixture of liquids that can be separated by boiling the mixture, condensing the vapor, and carefully collecting the resulting liquids. |
| Boiling point | The temperature at which a given material changes from a liquid to a gas. |
| Evaporation | To change into vapor. |
| Condensation | the act or process of reducing a gas or vapor to a liquid or solid form. |
| Petroleum | Also known as crude oil, an oily, thick, flammable, usually dark-colored liquid that is a form of bitumen or a mixture of various hydrocarbons, occurring naturally in various parts of the world and commonly obtained by drilling |
| Hydrocarbons | Chemical compound composed of only carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms |
| Filtrate | liquid that has been passed through a filter. |
| Fractional crystallization | A process by which a chemical compound is separated into components by crystallization. In it the compound is mixed with a solvent, heated, and then gradually cooled so that, as each of its constituent components crystallizes, it can be removed in its pure form from the solution. |
| Chromatography | A technique used to separate the components of a chemical mixture by moving the mixture along a stationary material, such as gelatin. Different components of the mixture are caught by the material at different rates and form isolated bands that can then be analyzed. |
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