Bio H Chp 8 Vocab
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Created by:
pearsedevlin on December 8, 2011
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23 terms
Chemistry | English |
|---|---|
 Autotrophs | organisms that use energy from sunlight or from chemical bonds in inorganic substances to make organic compounds |
| heterotrophs | An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products. |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate, an organic molecule that acts as the main energy source for cell processes; sotres and releases energy; composed of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and three phosphate groups |
| ADP | lower energy compound with 2 phosphate groups |
| photosynthesis | process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches |
| pigments | light absorbing molecules |
| chlorophyll | principal pigment of plants and other photosynthetic organisms; captures light energy |
| accessory pigments | pigments that absorb light in other regions of the spectrum |
| spectrophotometer | a photometer for comparing two light radiations wavelength by wavelength |
| absorption spectrum | the different colors, wavelengths of light absorbed by each substance or pigment on photosynthesis |
| thylakoids | Saclike photosynthetic membranes |
| photosystems | light-collecting units of the chloroplast |
| stroma | region outside the thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts |
| electron carrier molecules | compound that can accept a pair of high-energy electrons and transfer them with most of their energy to another molecule |
| NADP+ | one of the carrier molecules that transfers high-energy electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules |
| oxidation | the loss of an electron from an atom |
| reduction | any process in which electrons are added to an atom or ion (as by removing oxygen or adding hydrogen) |
| light-dependent reaction | Reactions of photosynthesis that use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH |
| chemiosmosis | A process for synthesizing ATP using the energy of an electrochemical gradient and the ATP synthase enzyme. |
| ATP synthase | large protein that uses energy from H+ ions to bind ADP and a phosphate group together to produce ATP |
| calvin cycle | reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugars |
| carbon fixation | process in which inorganic CO2 is used to produce organic compounds |
| pgal | A three-carbon molecule formed in the second step of the Calvin cycle that can leave the cycle and be used to make other organic compounds |
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