Music Appreciation Test #4
Order by
58 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 20th Century Music | 1900- present |
| What affected composers and their music | industrialization |
| Changes is Melody | grew more complex, and fragmentary |
| Pentatonic Scale | five note scale playable on the black notes of piano |
| Whole-tone Scale | divided the octave into 6 equal parts and all of the intervals are whole steps |
| Octatonic Scale | fits 8 pieces into the octave by alternating whole and half steps |
| quarter-tone scale | is all pitches on the chromatic scale plus pitches that come half way between them |
| Serialism | The "new" language for music, invented by Schoenberg. it created a special scale for every composition 1920 |
| Change in Harmony | Harmony became more dissonant, not need to be "balanced out" or resolved by consonance Harmony and Melody related |
| Changes in tonality | tonality became more indistinct some music had no tonal center at all became- "atonal" |
| Relationship between... | they are all closely related, the emancipation of melody harmony and tonality all went together even when they were so disconnected |
| Debussy | he was an impressionist wrote "clouds" from the three nocturnes first great modernist composer, elevated tone color to be equal to melody and harmony. |
| Clouds (Debussy) | its ABA' form song suggest clouds moving across the sky, then haunting motive (English horn), in an octotonic. the song leads NOWHERE and, is vague atonal |
| Clouds- A section | active and restless, |
| Clouds B Section | built on a pentatonic scale, at first sounds like a conclusion to A but when repeated sounds like a contrast |
| Clouds A' Section | Reference to some of A, specifically English horn, drum roll=distant thunder |
| Stravinsky | Trickyy tickyy.... Manipulation of rhythm greatest contribution and driving force in music "Rite of Spring"-Ballet riots in the street at premiere in Paris, looked naked when they were dancing so controversial Major Works-Ballets music had jazz influences For a time he composed in the Neoclassical style Tried serialism at the end of life |
| Rite Of Spring | Ballet very controversial, first performance caused riot, Audience mad about all the rape and such Had no real story, it was an abstract concert piece Lack of emotionality more tough and barbaric with irregular rhythms Accents that upset ordinary meter ie. 1234, 12345, 12, 123456, 123, etc. |
| 20th Century Traditionalism | traditionalism where people didn't fully accept modernism and kept some aspects of traditional music, like ravel bartok, and copland |
| Impressionism | investigation of sensuous new tone colors rich harmony, and expression of emotion in music (tied to romanticism) |
| Berg's Wozzeck | contains leitmotivs and contains NO arias summary: a paranoid vision of the helpless poor oppressed by society the music is highly intense. Main character Franz Wozzek is a poor solider troubled by visions and tormented by his captain who uses him as a human guinea pig in bizarre experiments Wozzeck's lover cheats and he goes mad murders Marie and drowns himself |
| Structure of Berg's Wozzeck Act 3 Scene 2 | murder scene Marie is stabbed and screams, and then leitmotivs blare away in the orchestra followed by a blackout |
| Berg's Wozzeck Act 3 Scene 3 | opens up with ragtime piano except it is distorted and utterly dissonant sound like someone on the verge of a breakdown music is confused and shocking Built on a single, short rhythm repeated over and over with constant change in tempo |
| Berg's Wozzeck Act 3 Scene 4 | Wozzeck returns to the scene of the crime, the orchestra engages with nature leitmotivs. People observe him drowning and don't help him at all Music becomes mourning for Wozzeck and Marie |
| Berg's Wozzeck Act 3 Scene 5 | Wozzecks son ran off and found his mom's corpse. with the music is scary and eerie but also icily sweet |
| Schoenberg | originated Serialism (the 12 tone system-method of composing with 12 tones in relation to one and other Expressionist and Modernist composer Created 2nd Viennese school with students-Webern and Berg NOT LEGIT, there nick name accentuated unique qualities of each composer |
| 3 types of 12 tone system | transposition- the same note ordering can begin from any note on the chromatic scale retrograde- reading or playing a melody or twelve tone series backwards inversion- playing a twelve tone series upside-down, ie. playing all its upward intervals downward and vice versa retrograde inversion- retrograde and inversion combined. Backwards and upside down |
| Sprechstimme | invented by Shoenberg not exactly singing or speaking, its actually a "speech-song," sound not even organized fully into pitches |
| Expressionist | extreme emotional states, like nightmare, insanity, and hysteria. Psychoanalytic theory has a clear impact on German expressionism |
| Ravel's Piano Concerto in G | tribute to jazz, everything Ravel made was always slightly skewed with delicacy and elegance. Uses short breaks very characteristic of jazz |
| Concerto In G Movement 1 | Not jazzy, long and lively folklike tune, then follows a "whiplash" where the song completely changes, the tune then is distinctly made by a special high trumpet Second theme introduced that sounds bluesy, later in theme two a harp plays by itself, almost as if in a dreamlike state Third theme introduces romantics songs of the 30's At the very end of the first movement Racel uses a device invented by Debussy, which is a long series of parallel chords |
| Bartok | Composed Music for Strings, Percussion and Celesta Ethnomusicologist- the study of social and cultural aspects of music and dance in local and global contexts Co-directed the Budapest Academy of Music He was an outstanding Nationalist composer of the 20th cent. |
| Ives and his "The Rockstrewn Hills join in the People's Outdoor meeting" | 2nd of three pieces that make up Ives' second orchestral set- the grandeur of nature with a human festivity Begins with several false starts to forumlate melody, becomes more and more dissonant and fragmented until it is completely atonal. Becomes forceful irregular rhythms with fragments from ragtime music (cakewalk) at the climax the dissonance gives way to homophony for just a moment and then a quiet pause. Then becomes like a march and the melody becomes clear This then collapses and you can hear four tones from the whole tone scale on the piano, ending on an intense but quiet dissonance that is strangely serious and spiritual |
| Copland | Greatly influences by stravinsky, promoted American music, very eclectic (used many difference sources and methods to create music) Wrote the ballet Appalachian Spring, his musical characteristics were diatonic, accessible and open sounding |
| Webern- five orchestral pieces | Webern had a unique vision of time, his piece could be described as a very short time segment of high intensity intense disconnected note patterns and highly complex rhythms |
| musique concrete | usage of prerecorded sounds from real life, like humming, singing, bells, train noises, electronically generated sounds etc. |
| Poeme Electronique-Edgard Varese | consists of musique concrete begins with a loud electronic crash, followed by random rustles, low groans, rattles, bells, and watery sounds and then something human, like a hum joins these sounds-highly irregular rhythm humanity "reasserts" itself with a soprano solo that still seems slightly electronic until it shrieks out of register Momentous sounding siren violent and incessant until abruptly ending |
| Minimalism | earliest and most famous of new styles, very simple melodies, motives and harmonies repeated many many times minimalist Steve Reich composed music for 18 musicians |
| Chance music (aleatoric music) | when certain elements of a piece are left to chance, variable parts of music according to composers |
| Synthesizers | Designed specifically for music where sound-producing modules were connected to "patch cords" to create complex sounds |
| Neoclassicism | 20th century movement involving returning to older forms of music, particularly 18thy century |
| Electronic Music | consisted of electronically produced noises and "musique concrete" |
| John Cage | father of change music composer of 4' 33" |
| 4' 33" by John Cage | 4 minutes and 33 seconds of near silence besides the sounds of quiet audience chatter, sounds from outside the hall etc. |
| John Adams - El Nino | Baroque Oratorio style, the title refers to the infant christ. The divine impregnation of Mary, Herod's attempt to kill the baby because he felt the child was a threat and killed all male children in Bethlehem and the flight of Joseph, Mary and Jesus. - A multicultural work as well as a story of an ungodly society -Contains 24 numbers presented in two halves |
| El Nino- First numbers of 2nd half | -In this section mary ponders the fate of her child -Mary sings the odd numbered lines of poetry and the chorus responds with the even lines. Soloist and chorus begin to overlap in a more and more agitated fashion Overall form is clear A B A' |
| El Nino- First numbers of 2nd half | -Now Herod seeks to kill the child that has been born, very minimalist part of the song -Most energizing chorus in the whole song, in the setting of the angry words of God's vengeance -Tonal shift from the glory of God to his "wrath of human hubris and deceit." |
| Cultivated Music | music brought to this country consciously and is developed and fostered at concerts and conservatories |
| Vernacular Music | music we sing and hear as naturally as we speak our native tongue |
| Influences on early american music | -no professional musicians among founders -melting pot, Americans looked to Italy for opera and Germany for instrumental music |
| Jazz | Strictly vernacular kind of music that emerged from African American communities, produced a brand new musical styles. A type of black entertainment that was cheap and somewhat casual, bands contained trumpet, clarinet, trombone, piano, banjo, string bass, tuba, drums and other percussion |
| Ragtime | (To "rag" was jazz syncopation)- a style of piano music that was a precursor to jazz. The left hand stayed strictly to the rhythm and the right hand would syncopate the rhythm |
| Blues | Specific genre of jazz music whose subject is loneliness, trouble and depression. Essential expression of the African American experience |
| New Orleans Jazz | New Orleans was the first center of jazz, where Louis Armstrong came from. - characterized by improvisation and solo sections, players in a jazz band learned to improvise simultaneously |
| Swing | Jazz at this time became popular, and now had to reach bigger audiences in ballrooms. Big bands- 10-25 players. Improv was very limited due to these conditions -compensated these shortcomings with tone color and instrumental effects |
| Bebop | typically trumpet and sax with a rhythm section including piano -return to improvisation of a new technical virtuosity -characterized by hard percussive sounds and sharp, snap rhythms. ("bebop") |
| George Gershwin | Composed Prelude No. 1 Gershwin was influences heavily by Chopin and Debussy, Gershwin originally intended a set of 24 preludes like Chopin to be named "The Melting Pot" after the mixture of cultivated and vernacular styles he would bring together in it. |
| Leonard Bernstein-West Side Story | -moving story, sophisticated score and superb dances -uses the plot of romeo and juliet and sets it between teenage gangs on the West Side of Manhattan |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.