Properties of Organic molecules/Biological Functional Groups
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Created by:
Cody_Walker1 on December 8, 2011
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All things carbon. Common functional groups found in intro to biology/organic chemistry
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63 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Hydroxyl | Name the functional group: -OH |
| Carbonyl | Name the Functional group: C=O \ |
| Carboxyl | Name the Functional group: C=O \ OH |
| Amino | Name the functional group: N-H \ H |
| Sulfhydryl | Name the functional group: -SH |
| Phosphate | Name the Functional group: O || O-P-O | O |
| Methyl | Name the functional group: C-3H |
| Hydroxyl | Ethanol contains what functional group? |
| Carbonyl | A Ketone contains this functional group. |
| Carbonyl | An aldehyde contains this functional group |
| Amino acid | You see an amine and a carboxyl group on a macromolecule. This macromolecule is most likely a(n) |
| carboxyl | This organic substance is acidic, that means it has this functional group attached to it. |
| Enantiomer | An asymmetric carbon contributes to this |
| cis-isomer | In this isomer, to specific molecules, labeled X in this case, are on the same side. |
| trans-isomer | if two specific molecule, both labeled S, are on different sides, this molecule is a(n) |
| H and C | codyissmartane is a hydrocarbon. That means its chemical formula consists of what two letter? |
| structural isomer | codyissmartane is a hydro carbone that is made up of a long unbranched carbon chain. Another molecule, codyiscoolane, has the same chemical formula as codyissmartane, but it is a branched carbon chain. What is this called? |
| C23H48 | a hydrocarbon chain with 23 carbons would have the chemical formula of.... |
| asymmetric, Architectural | Which of the following are not types of isomers Geometric Optical Structural Asymmetric Cis Architectural |
| Phosphate | A molecule of ATP is made up of three of these functional groups |
| Sulfhydryl | The Thiols have this functional group |
| Carbonyl | Formaldehyde, a poisonous preservative, contains this functional group |
| Monosaccharides | What are the monomers of a carbohydrate? |
| Glucose | The most common monosaccharide is... |
| a carbohydrate | codyisthebestintheworldose is probably what type of molecule? |
| a sugar | I am a macromolecule. part of me looks like this C=O, and another part of me looks like this -OH. What type of organic molecule am I? |
| Rings | In aqueous solutions, Glucose molecules take this shape |
| Linear | In non aqueous solutions, Glucose takes this shape |
| Glycosidic Linkages | Two carbohydrates are joined together by |
| starch | a polysaccharide that plants use to store glucose is called... |
| glycogen | animals store this polysaccharide for energy purposes. |
| Cellulose | the most abundant organic compound on earth, this polysaccharide is used by plants and is made up of Beta Glucose. |
| Starch | A polysaccharide made up entirely of Alpha Glucose is called |
| Lipids | these biological molecules mix poorly with water. |
| Ester linkages | fatty acids are joined to glycerol molecules by a(n).... |
| unsaturated fat | Olive oil is a(n)... |
| saturated fat | Crisco is a(n) |
| F | If a fatty acid contains a double bond amongst its carbon chain, then it will form a solid. T or F |
| yes | are cis fats kinked? |
| NO | are trans fats kinked? |
| saturated fats. | What is worse for you? unsaturated fats, or saturated fats? |
| Hydrophilic | Phospholipids have what kind of heads? |
| Hydrophobic | Phospholipids have what kind of tails? |
| steroid | I have a four ringed structure, what am i? |
| catalysts | chemical agents that selectively speed up reactions are known as |
| polypeptide | a polymer of an amino acid is a(n).... |
| protein | one or more polypeptides joined together is called a(n) |
| peptide bond | when two amino acids line up in such a way that the carboxyl group of one is lined up with the amino group of another, the resulting covalent bond is known as a(n) |
| R group (side chain) | the thing that separates different amino acids is the |
| Primary Structure | A linear chain of amino acids is said to be a protein in.... |
| Secondary Structure | Regions of a polypeptide that are stabilized by hydrogen bonds between atoms of the backbone is said to be a protein in.... |
| Tertiary Structure | Three dimensional shapes that are stabilized by interactions between the R groups of amino acids in a polypeptide chain is said to be a protein in..... |
| Quaternary structure | The association of multiple polypeptides is said to be a protein in.... |
| chaperonins | molecules that assist in the folding of other proteins |
| biologically inactive | denaturation yields proteins ________ ________ |
| a five carbon sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base | a nucleotide is made up of.... |
| Nucleotides | The monomers of nucleic acids are called |
| Adenine, Guanine | Name all the Purines |
| Thymine, Cytosine, Uracil | Name all the Pyrimidines |
| Deoxyribose, Ribose | Name the two sugars that make up DNA and RNA |
| phosphodiester linkage | Adjacent nucleotides are joined together by a... |
| Thymine and Uracil | Adenine pairs with... |
| Cytosine | Guanine always pairs with... |
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