Psych - Chapter 16/17
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Created by:
mitchrollefson on December 8, 2011
Subjects:
Psychological Disorders/Treatment
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37 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 psychoanalytic theory | A theory developed by Freud that attempts to explain personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants of behavior |
| Sigmund Freud | Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis. |
| unconscious | according to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, information processing of which we are unaware |
| id | contains a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. The id operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification (devil on shoulder) |
| ego | your consciousness of your own identity (referee) |
| superego | the part of personality that, according to Freud, represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment (the conscience) and for future aspirations (angel on shoulder) |
| projective testing | presenting child w/ stimuli and asking what they see; project own personality (ex: unconscious fears)---drawling family |
| MMPI | Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (2), revised in 1980s; objective tests; most widely used object of personality test; originally developed as an aid in diagnosing psychiatric disorders; two versions-adult and adolescent |
| Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) | a projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes |
| Rorshach Inkblot Test | the most widely used projective test, a set of 10 inkblots, designed by Hermann Rorschach; seeks to identify people's inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots |
| biomedical model | The viewpoint that illness can be explained on the basis of aberrant somatic processes and that psychological and social processes are largely independent of the disease process; the dominant model in medical practice until recently. |
| cognitive therapies | therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions; designed to correct cognitive distortions or "stinking thinking"; includes stress-inoculation, RET (REBT), and Beck's CT; often combined with Behavioral therapies and is known as CBT |
| Beck | pioneer in Cognitive Therapy. Suggested negative beliefs cause depression. |
| Ellis | pioneer in Rational-Emotive Therapy (RET) and (REBT) focuses on altering client's patterns of irrational thinking to reduce maladaptive behavior and emotions |
| behavioral therapies | techniques used to modify disordered thoughts, feelings, and behaviors through the principles of learning |
| humanism | a philosophy in which interests and values of human beings are of primary importance |
| Rogers | United States psychologist who developed client-centered therapy (1902-1987) |
| systematic desensitization | a technique used in behavior therapy to treat phobias and other behavior problems involving anxiety |
| aversive conditioning | a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol) |
| psychoanalytic model | Complex and comprehensive theory originally advanced by Sigmund Freud that seeks to account for the development and structure of personality, as well as the origin of abnormal behavior, based primarily on inferred inner entities and forces. |
| DSM-IV | the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders |
| hallucination | delusion; false idea; false perception of objects with a compelling sense of their reality; objects so perceived; V. hallucinate; ADJ. hallucinatory |
| delusion | (psychology) an erroneous belief that is held in the face of evidence to the contrary |
| social anxiety | a feeling of apprehension in the presence of others |
| phobias | excessive fears of particular objects or situations |
| generalized anxiety disorder | A psychological disorder marked by a chronic, high level of anxiety that is not tied to any specific threat. (always on high alert) |
| panic attack | sudden onset of intense panic in which multiple physical symptoms of stress occur, often with feelings that one is dying (might think having a a heart attack) |
| post traumatic stress disorder | an anxiety disorder associated with serious traumatic events and characterized by such symptoms as survivor guilt, reliving the trauma in dreams, numbness and lack of involvement with reality, or recurrent thoughts and images |
| obsessive compulsive disorder | Anxiety disorder characterized by persistent and uncontrollable thoughts and irrational beliefs that cause the performance of compulsive rituals that interfere with daily life. |
| major depression | A disorder characterized by severe negative moods or a lack of interest in normally pleasurable activities. |
| bipolar disorder | a mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania |
| dysthymia | milder affective disorder characterized by a chronic depression persisting for at least 2 years |
| paranoid schizophrenia | A type of schizophrenia that is dominated by delusions of persecution along with delusions of grandeur. |
| catatonic schizophrenia | a condition marked by striking motor disturbances, ranging from muscular rigidity to random motor activity |
| drug therapies | Treatment of psychological disorders with medication. |
| psychosurgery | surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior (destroys memory though) |
| electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) | A biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient. |
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