| Term | Definition |
| scientific inquiry | Diverse ways in which scientists study the natural world and propose explanations based on the evidence they gather. |
| hypothesis | An educated guess to answer a question or explain a problem. |
| variables | Any factor that can change in an experiment. |
| manipulated variable | The variable that is purposely changed to test a hypothesis. Also called the independent variable. |
| responding variable | The variable you are trying to test that changes as a result of your experiment. Also called the dependent variable. |
| controlled experiment | An experiment in which only one variable is changed at a time. |
| operational definition | A statement that describes how to measure a particular variable. |
| data | Facts, figures, and other evidence gathered through observation. |
| communicating | The sharing of ideas and experimental findings with others. |
| scientific theory | A well-tested explanation for a wide range of observations or experimental results. |
| scientific law | A statement that describes what scientists expect to happen every time under a particular set of conditions. |