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density the amount of mass in a given volume weight A measure of the force of gravity on an object volume the amount of space an object takes up mass the amount of matter in an object physical property A characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance chemical property a property of matter that describes a substance based on its ability to change into a new substance with different properties friction the resistance encountered when one body is moved in contact with another energy the ability to do work kinetic energy the energy of a moving object chemical change change that produces new substances condensation The change of state from a gas to a liquid physical change Change in appearance or shape but properties stays the same potential energy the energy an object has because of its position thermal energy the total kinetic and potential energy of all the particles in a substance. heat thermal energy that moves from one area to another conduction the transfer of heat within a material or between materials that are touching conductor a material through which electricity is easily transferred radiation the transfer of energy/heat by waves insulator a material that does not easily transfer heat between its particles convection The transfer of energy through a liquid or a gas reflection the bouncing of light rays off the surface of a material independent variable variable that is changed in an experiment refraction the bending of light hypothesis an idea that can be tested by an experiment or observation dependent variable the variable that is measured in an experiment quantitative observation An observation that describes using numbers or measurements. qualitative observation Type of observation that are made from your senses.