1.
acromatopsia: can't recognize colors
2.
apraxia: inability to perform a complicated task in the absence of paralysis
3.
Area 3, 1, 2 - Primary Sensory cortex: involved with conscious appreciation of sensory input; ablation results in contralateral inability to localize and sense sensations
4.
Area 4 - Motor Cortex: neurons projecting make up the pyramidal tract which synapse with anterior horn cell mono and di synaptically; lesions produce contralateral hypotonia and weakness paralysis
5.
Area 5, 7 - Sensory association areas: integrates and refines sensory info; lesions result in graphesthesia, asteriognosis, baroagnosis, and left neglect
6.
Area 6 - Premotor cortex: important for gross postural movements; appears to learn complicated movements
7.
Area 6 - Supplementary motor area: important for planning complex tasks, sequencing motor subroutines prior to movement, and bilateral ablation results in akinesia and mutism
8.
Area 8 - Frontal eye fields: conscious movement of eyes; lesions result in deviation of the eyes in the direction of the lesion
9.
Area 9, 10, & 46: involved with memory, emotion, and intellectual functions; unilateral lesions produce variable effects and bilateral lesions produce very disturbed and inappropriate individuals
10.
area 11: orbitofrontal area concerned with visceral and emotional activities and planning for the future; area destroyed in prefrontal lobotomies
11.
Area 17 - primary visual cortex: lesions result in cortical blindness but retains light reflex
12.
Area 18 & 19: visual association area; lesions result in loss of movement discrimination, color discrimination, and visual-spatial processing
13.
Area 21 & 20: temporal visual association area; involved with visual memory; lesions may result in visual anomia, visual agnosia, acromatopsia, and prosopagnosia
14.
Area 22: auditory association area
15.
Area 41 & 42: primary auditory cortex; lesions result in bilateral hearing loss; may lead to language problems
16.
Area 43: taste center
17.
asteriognosis: inability to know a structure in your hand
18.
baroagnosis: can't judge weight
19.
Broca's Area: dominant hemisphere of area 44 & 45; important for speech; lesions result in expressive aphasia
20.
corpus callosum: part of brain that is cut to treat uncontrollable epilepsy
21.
cortex: part of telecephalon; makes up 40% of brain; not necessary for life, but defines quality of life and necessary for normal consciousness
22.
dominant hemisphere: side that houses language
23.
graphesthesia: inability to recognize a letter or number written on patient's hand
24.
large betz pyramidal cells: project to lower motor neurons; many code for duration of contraction, force of contraction, and muscles required for the contraction
25.
left hemisphere function: language, math, analytical functions, and logical in thought
26.
left neglect: right side lesion resulting in unilateral inattention
27.
motor apraxia: small lesion of premotor cortex results in this
28.
prosopagnosia: can't recognize faces
29.
right hemisphere function: nonverbal, big picture, complex visual patter recognition, emotional expression, and music
30.
spastic paralysis: large lesion of premotor cortex results in this
31.
visual agnosia: can't recognize an object
32.
visual anomia: can't name an object
33.
Wernicke's area: dominant hemisphere in area 22; lesion produces word deafness and receptive aphasia
