1.
diabetes drugs that cause GI upset: biguanides, a glucosidase inhibitors,
2.
diabetes drugs that cause wt gain: sulfonylureas, glinides, TZDs
3.
drug esp known for CV risk: rosaglid
4.
Humulin N, Novolin N: intermediate acting (NPH) insulin
5.
humulin R, Novolin R,: short acting (regular) insulin
6.
important note about long acting insulin: don't mix with other insulins (alters pharmacokinetics and dynamics)
7.
increments that insulin adjustments are made in: 1 - 2 units
8.
injection site onset time (fast to slow): ab arm thigh
9.
insulin adjustment increments are ___ for pts w/ insulin pump: smaller
10.
insulin detemir (levemir) insulin glargine (lantus): long acting insulin
11.
insulin lispro (humalog), insulin aspart (novolog), insulin glulisine (apidra): rapid onset insulin
12.
insulins that don't require Rx: short and intermediate acting
13.
insulins that have more stable combinations than NPH when mixed: NPL (neutral protamine lispro) and NPA (neutral protamine aspart)
14.
less likely to want tight blood glucose control in: older pts w/ multiple comorbidities (increased risk of hypoglycemic events)
15.
long acting insulin given via: SQ injection once a day or BID (insulin detemir)
16.
NPH insulin given: SQ only
17.
onset peak and duration of long acting insulin: onset 4-6 hrs, peak 8-20 hrs (no real peak; mimics basal insulin levels) duration 24 hrs
18.
onset peak and duration of short acting (regular) insulin: onset 30 mins, peak 2 - 4 hrs, duration 6 - 8 hrs
19.
onset, peak, and duration of intermediate acting insulin: onset 1-2 hrs, peak 6-12 hrs, duration 18-24 hrs
20.
onset, peak, and duration of rapid onset insulins: onset 5-15 min; peak 1 hr, duration 3.5 - 4.5 hrs
21.
step 1 in DM treatment after dx: lifestyle mods and metformin
22.
step 2 if pt's HbA1c isn't controlled after 3 months: add sulfonurea or basal insulin
23.
Step 3 if pt still isn't controlled at 6 months: drop the basal insulin or sulfonurea and switch to intensive or basal insulin, respectively
24.
target dose for metformin: 1,000 mg BID
25.
these types of insulin are often combined: NPH and regular
26.
typically starting dose of combo insulin: .7 u/kg/day
27.
uses for aspirin in diabetic pts: helps prevent 1st heart attack in pts over 40 w/ risk factors like HTN, smoking or FHx, also used to prevent 2nd heart attack
