Fundamentals of Nursing FINAL
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91 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 3 main Routes for Drugs | Parenteral Percutaneous Enteral |
| Parenteral | the needle route |
| Percutaneous | thru skin or mucous membrane |
| Enteral | by the GI tract |
| Why give parenteral medications | dysphagia, vomiting its rapid onset some meds altered by GI secretions |
| Three parts of a syringe | Tip barrel plunger |
| Three parts of a needle | Hub Shaft Tip (beveled) |
| needle length of a Intradermal injection | 3/8 to 5/8 inch |
| needle length of a Subcutaneous injection | 4/8 to 5/8 inch |
| needle length of a Intramuscular injection | 1 to 1 ½ inch |
| needle guage of a Intradermal injection | 25-27 gauge |
| needle guage of a Subcutaneous injection | 25-30 gauge |
| needle guage of a Intramuscular injection | 20-22 gauge |
| what kind of needle is used when drawing from an ample | filtered |
| Use a________to draw up premixed medications from a multi-dose vial to prevent any solid particles from being withdrawn | filtered needle |
| When mixing medications from a vial and a ampule which one do you draw from first and why? | withdraw medication from vial and then medication from the ampule, as the ampule does not require air injected into it |
| Intradermal Injections where can they be given | inner surface of forarm, back of scapula(allergy) |
| Intradermal Injections why are they given | allergy testing tb testing local antistetic |
| Intradermal Injections how are they given | 10 to 15 degrees bevel side up |
| do you aspirate with a ID injection | NO |
| when giving an ID injection are they small are large volumes used | Small volumes (0.1 mL) |
| Subcutaneous Injection where can they be given | Injections made into loose connective tissue between dermis and muscle layer in the abdomin 2 inch away from belly button, buttocks,and thigh and need to be able to pinch |
| Subcutaneous Injection why are they given | primarily insulin, heparin, some immunizations, epinephrine |
| Subcutaneous Injection how are they given | 45 to 90 degree angle if you can pinch 2 inches of fat go 90 degree if only pinch an inch 45 degree |
| Subcutaneous Injection how fast can you give it | Rule of thumb 10 sec per mL |
| why is the z track method used | to inject medications that are irritating to the tissues |
| Intramuscular Injection | Involves inserting a needle into muscle tissue |
| sites for intramuscular injection | Ventrogluteal , Vastus Lateralis. deltoid |
| Intramuscular Injection Amount of medication | usually 0.5 mL to 3 mL |
| Intramuscular Injection Injection with needle | at 90 degree angle to skin with bevel side up |
| do you aspirate with Intramuscular Injection | yes for 5 - 10 second if blood present discard needle and start over |
| the deltoid muscle can hold up to how many ml's | 1 ml |
| Preferred intramuscular site for infants under 3 yrs old | Vastus Lateralis |
| prefferred site for intramuscular in adults | Ventrogluteal |
| technique for administering Intramuscular Injection in the Ventrogluteal | place palm of your hand over greater trochanter with middle finger pointed toward the iliac crest and index finger toward the iliac spine. Administer injection in center of triangle formed by your fingers |
| technique for administering Intramuscular Injection in the deltoid | place pinky on the acromion process line up other three fingers next to it with other hand find the axillary line and go between the two. |
| technique for administering Intramuscular Injection in the Vastus Lateralis | place one palm of your hand over greater trochanter and the other palm just above the patella with thumbs pointing towards each other break the area off into 3 sections and go in the mid section. (between your thumbs) |
| Most Common & Safest Route of Administering medication | Oral |
| oral medication is Contraindicated when | nausea and vomiting dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) gastric or intestinal suctioning unconscious NPO (nothing by mouth) |
| MAR | Medication administration record |
| examples of liquid medications: | elixirs, suspensions, syrups |
| when are NG/PEG tubes used to administer liquid medications | unconscious to ill to eat dysphagia |
| first thing to do before administering Gastrostomy Tube Medication | check pH measurement 1-4 and also can be done by listening to stomach with a stethoscope while pushing air in and hearing a gurgling noise |
| always follow medications of Gastrostomy Tube with | 30-50mL water |
| how long do you keep NG tube clamped after medication administration before hooking back up to suction? | 30 minutes |
| Sublingual route | drug is placed under tongue |
| Buccal Route | drug placed between gum and cheek |
| Suppositories are given how? | into rectum or vagina |
| for a Suppositories for an adult insert it how far | 4 in |
| for a Suppositories for an child insert it how far | 2 in |
| Percutaneous Administration Includes | tropical meds ointements creams powders lotions transdermal patches instillation and inhalations |
| Transdermal medication uses | narcotits, hormones, cardiac meds, nicotene |
| Ophthalmic is what kind of medication | eye drops |
| when instillin Ophthalmic drops | Instruct client to close eye and press on nasolacrimal duct for 30 seconds with a dry, sterile absorbent sponge |
| Otic medications is what kind of medication | ear drops |
| when inserting Otic medications for an adult | upward and back |
| when inserting Otic medications for a child | down and back |
| MDI | Metered-dose inhaler |
| CAM | Complementary and Alternative Medicine |
| What is CAM | a group of diverse medical health care systems and that are not part of traditional health care medicine |
| Complementary therapies | Complements conventional treatment |
| Examples of complementary therapies | message, prayer, reflexology, guided imagery, yoga, acupuncture |
| Alternative therapies | Frequently replaces allopathic medicine |
| allopathic medicine | traditional or western medicine |
| are Herb manufactures held to the same standards as manufacturers of pharmaceuticals | no |
| Goal of herbal therapy is | to restore balance within individual by increasing person's self-healing ability |
| Significant Pharmacologic Actions of Herbs | Interact with conventional drugs Have serious side effects Not regulated by FDA |
| NATURAL DOES NOT ALWAYS MEAN BETTER OR SAFER yes or no | yes |
| Chiropractic doctor adjusts | joints of body through gentle manipulation to proper alignment |
| Acupuncture | Stimulate certain points on body by insertion of special needles to modify perception of pain, normalize physiological functions or treat/prevent disease, used by physicians of Chinese medicine |
| Acupressure Purpose: | prevent and relief symptoms of muscle tension; reduces tension, increases circulation and enables body to relax deeply |
| Therapeutic Massage | Manipulates soft tissue of body and assists with healing |
| Therapeutic Massage is Contraindicated for | phlebitis or thrombosis and infectious skin diseases |
| Aromatherapy | Pure essential oils, produced from plants are used to provide health benefits |
| Reflexology | Belief that entire body can be reached by applying pressure to specific areas on the feet |
| Four Main Benefits of reflexology | Relaxation with the removal of stress Enhanced circulation Assisting the body to normalize metabolism naturally Complementing all other healing modalities |
| Imagery | Uses conscious mind Frequently combined with some form of relaxation training Can be self-directed or guided |
| Yoga | Control of the body through correct posture and breathing Control of the emotions and mind Meditation |
| T'AI CHI/TAIJI | Fusion of martial arts and Daoist philosophical concepts |
| things a nurse must remember when giving a subQ injection | right syringe don't aspirate 45 or 90 degree angle no more than 1 ml pinch |
| 2 advantages of giving parental medication | faster absorption can't be altered by GI tract |
| what difference between IM and SubQ | IM 90 degree and into muscle Subq 45 or 90 (depending on how fat) and goes into connective tissue |
| guage | diameter of a needle |
| the greater the guage the what the needle | smaller |
| bevel | is the cut away at the end of the needle |
| filtered device | a needle used to draw out of amps that filters out glass so it doesnt go into the syringe |
| after drawing up med out of an ample what do you do before you give pt med | exchange the filtered needle with a regular needle that is sutable to be used on the patient |
| to eject extra med out of a syringe after you have already taken out of vial what do you do with it? | point it into the sink making sure to not contaminate it and spray it down the drain slowly you can eject air out of syring in the air but never fluid has to point down into sink |
| if a medication is tericoated it should never be.... | crushed, chewed broken |
| for liquid medications where does your palm go | over the label to protect it |
| the order for drawing up insulin | NRRN air in N air in N draw up R draw up N |
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