Unit 2 Enlightenment and Revolutions
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22 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Coup d'etat | a sudden over throw of the government |
| Bourgeoisie | the middle class of society |
| Taille | French for the "chief tax" |
| Natural Rights | rights with which all humans are supposedly born, including the rights to life, liberty, and property |
| Divine Right | the belief that kings received their power from God and are responsible only to God |
| Laissez-faire | literally "let people do what they want" the concept that the state should not impose government regulations but should leave the economy alone. |
| Separation of powers | a form of government in which the executive, legislative, and judicial branches limit and control each other through a system of checks and balances. |
| Social contract | the concept proposed by Rousseau that an entire society agrees to be governed by it's general will; and all individuals should be forced to abide by the general will since it represents what is best for the entire community. |
| Nationalism | unique cultural identity of a people based on common language, religion, and national symbols, a love for one's country |
| Constitutional monarchy | a form of government in which a monarch acts as head of state within the parameters of a constitution |
| Despotism | the exercise of absolute power, especially in a cruel and oppressive way |
| Checks and balances | a political system that keeps from one branch of government from abusing its power and keeping branches equal |
| Parliament | a representative body or legislative government that makes political decisions and writes laws. |
| Louis XVI | a French King that believed in divine right and absolute monarchy until the time of the French Revolution. |
| John Locke | Enlightenment thinker that promoted natural rights and the idea that people are allowed to rebel if the government does not provide these rights and freedoms. |
| Montesquieu | Enlightenment thinker that believed in the separation of powers of governments rather than having one group holding all the power. |
| Rousseau | Enlightenment thinker that coined the term "social contract" where people within a society must abide by laws in order for the community to live in harmony. |
| Simon Bolivar | Venezuelan military and political leader who fought for freedom in South America against the Spanish Empire |
| Napoleon | French military and political leader during the latter stages of the French Revolution |
| Voltaire | Enlightenment thinker who promoted civil liberties such as freedom of religion and speech |
| Enlightenment | intellectual movement during the 1700s that promoted democratic ideas. |
| philosophes | intellectuals, writers, journalists, economics, and social reformers that used reason to solve social problems during the Enlightenment. |
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