DHY Head & Neck Final Study Cards
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234 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Mylohyoid line | line on the inner aspect of the mandible, where the mylohyoid muscle attches |
| sublingual fossa | fossa on the medial surface of the mandible, above the mylohyoid line, that contains the sublingual salivary glasnd |
| lingula | which is more superior; the lingula of the mandibular foramen? |
| mandibular foramen | foramen on the mandible that allows the inferior alveolar nerve and blood vessels to exit or enter the mandibular canal |
| lingula | a bony spine, which serves as an attachment for the sphenomandibular ligament associated with the temporomandibular joint |
| temporomandibular joint | articulation between the temporal bone and mandible that allows for movement of the mandible |
| glenoid fossa | where the condyle of the TMJ articulates |
| mandibular notch | the depression on the mandible located between the condyle and coronoid process |
| coronoid process | anterior superior projection of the ramus of the mandible |
| articular eminence | what is the anterior border of the TMJ? |
| hinge | initial movement of TMJ, condyle stays within the glenoid fossa |
| gliding | occurs between the disc and the articular eminence of the temporal bone in the upper synovial cavity, with the disc, plus the condyle moving forward or backwards, down and up the articular eminence |
| hinge | what is the first movement of the TMJ? |
| CN VII | facial nerve- both motor and sensory. serves the muscles of facial expression, etc. Exits the skull at the stylomastoid foramen |
| buccinator | muscle of facial expression that forms a portion of the cheek |
| mentalis | muscle of facial expression in the mouth region that raises the chin |
| obicularis oris | muscle of facial expression that encircles the emouth |
| zygomaticus | muscle of facial expression in the mouth region that is used when smiling |
| mentalis | what muscle allows you to pout? |
| function of buccinator | it pushes the food bolus over the occlusal surface of posterior teeth |
| angle of the mouth | where does the buccinator insert? |
| buccinator | what is the only muscle of facial expression that really aids in chewing? |
| origin of buccinator | starts at the alveolar process of the maxilla and the ptergoid mandibular raphae |
| palatine bones | make up the posterior 1/3 of the hard palate |
| median palatine suture | midline suture between the palatine process of the maxilla and between the horizontal plates of the palatine bone |
| lacrimal bones | paired facial bones that help to form the medial wall of the orbit |
| nasolacrimal duct | duct formed at the junction of the lacrimal and maxillary bones that drains the lacrimal fluid or tears |
| lacrimal and maxillary bones | what does the nasolacrimal duct connect? |
| mandible | single facial bone that articulates bilaterally with the temporal bones at the TMJ |
| mental protuberance | mandibular bony prominence of the chin |
| external oblique line | creast on the lateral side of the mandible, where the ramus joins the body of the mandible |
| external oblique line | where does the ramus join the mandible? |
| ramus | plate of mandible that extends superiorly from the body of the mandible |
| greater palatine foramen | foramen in the palatine bone that carries the greater palatine nerve and blood vessels |
| genial tubercles | midline bony projections or the mental spines on the inner aspect of the mandibles medial surface |
| hypoglossal canal | which canal in the occipital bone carries the 12th cranial nerve? |
| ethmoid bone | what is the single midline cranial bone of the skull? |
| superior orbital fissure | what fissure of the sphenoid bone houses cranial nerve numbers III, IV, and VI, that deal with the eye? |
| ethmoid bone | which cranial bone helps to form the nasal septum? |
| olfactory nerves | which nerves deal with smell and lay atop the ethmoid bone? |
| crista galli | what serves as an attachment for layers covering the brain? |
| ethmoid bone | on which bone is the crista galli located? |
| maxilla | upper jaw that consists of two maxillary bones |
| infraorbital foramen | which foramen of the maxilla transmits the infraorbital nerve and blood vessels? |
| incisive foramen | foramen in the maxilla that caries branches of the right and left nasopalatine nerves, blood vessels and is marked by the incisive papilla |
| maxillary tuberosity | elevation on the posterior aspect of the maxilla that is perforated by the posterior superior alveolar foramen |
| nasopalatine nerve | which nerve passes through the incisive foramen? |
| horizontal plane | what divides the body into top and bottom parts? |
| frontal plane | what divides the body into anterior and posterior sections? |
| sagittal plane | what divides the body into left and right halves? |
| midsagittal plane | what divides the body into equal left and right halves? |
| anatomical position | body standing erect, feet together, and arms hanging at the sides with the palms facing forward |
| cells | what are the basic units of structure of the body? |
| differentiation | what is the term for specialization of cells? |
| cell membrane | what surrounds the cell body and serves two purposes: structural- separates the contents of cells from the surrounding environment, and semipermiability- allows nutrients to pass through and waste products to leave |
| cytoplasm | what is the gel like fluid inside the cell that contains organelles? |
| organelles | what modify, store, and transport proteins and dispose of cellular wastes? |
| nucleus | what is the control center of the cell that contains a set of chromosomes? |
| mitochondria | what is the powerhouse of the cell? |
| mitochondria | organelles that are associated with the manufacture of energy for cells |
| ribosomes | organelles of the cell that are associated with protein production |
| endoplasmic reticulum | membrane bound organelle, with channels that are either rough or smooth |
| gogli complex | organelle of the cell involved in protein segregation, packaging, and transport |
| lysomes | bag of digestive juices that break down nutrients and unwanted parts of the cell |
| desmosome | inner cellular junction between skin cells |
| intercellular junction | mechanical attachments between cells and nearby non cellular surfaces |
| mitosis | cell division that occurs in phases and results in two daughter cells |
| meiosis | process of reproductive cell production that ensures correct number of chromosomes |
| zygote | fertilized egg from union of ovum and sperm |
| induction | action from one group of cells on another leading to developmental pathway in responding tissue |
| proliferation | controlled cellular growth |
| differentiation | change in embryonic cells to become quite distinct structurally and functionally |
| morphogenesis | process of development of specific tissue morphology |
| maturation | attainment of full adult size as well as full adult form and function |
| ectodermal tissue | an embryological tissue the nervous system, skin, enamel, etc. |
| mesodermal tissue | an embryological tissue that gives rise to the connective tissues, cardiovascular tissues, cementum, dentin etc. |
| endodermal tissue | an embryological tissue that gives rise to the gut and related organs |
| ectoderm | what embryological tissue gives rise to the spinal cord? |
| teratogen | what is the term used for a foreign substance that results in a birth defect? |
| mesoderm | what embryological tissue forms the dentin of the teeth? |
| ectodermal dysplasia | abnormal development of one or more structures from ectoderm, it has a heredity eitology, and presents with abnormalities of the teeth, skin, hair, nails, etc. typically thin and brittle skin, sparse blonde hair, mental issues, and a majority of teeth missing or having no enamel |
| fetal alcohol syndrome | teratogenic drug effect during the embryonic period, ethanol ingested by pregnant female crosses the placenta and can result in prenatal and postnatal growth deficiencies, mental issues, wide set eyes, and partially missing teeth |
| enamel | what tooth tissue is affected by ectodermal dysplasia? |
| tetracycline stain | intrinsic tooth stain from ingestion of the antibiotic tetracycline during an age where teeth are developing, either b y child or pregnant mother |
| fluorosis | the ingestion of too much fluoride, the fluoride enters the enamel throught the blood supply of developing teeth, and causes and intrinsic staining or mottled look to the enamel |
| cleft palate | developmental disturbance of upper lip from failure of the fusion of the primary and secondary palates, from the frontonasal process, medionasal process, and maxillary process |
| maxillary lateral incisors and cuspids | which teeth are affected by a cleft palate? |
| primitive mouth | what is the stomodeum? |
| mandibular arch | which brachial arch forms meckels cartilage? |
| 1st arch | mandibular arch |
| 2nd arch | hyoid arch |
| 3rd arch | unnamed- (pharynx) arch |
| 4th-6th arches | unnamed- (larynx) arch |
| hyoid arch | which arch gives rise to the (facial nerve) CN #7? |
| meckels cartilage | the template for the mandible |
| frontonasal, maxillary, and mandibular | which embryological tissues fuse together to form the face? |
| mesoderm | which embryological tissue forms the muscles of mastication and tongue? |
| fusion | how do most all facial structures develop? |
| stomodeum | consists of external ectoderm overlying endoderm, oropharyngeal membrane disintegrates, and access is available |
| canal | opening in bone that is long, narrow and tubelike |
| fissure | opening in bone that is narrow and cleftlike |
| foramen | short, windowlike openings in bone |
| process | general term for any prominence on a bony surface |
| spine | abrupt small prominence of bone |
| suture | generally immoveable articulation in which bones are joined by fibrous tissue |
| tuberosity | large, often rough prominence on the surface of bone |
| glenoid fossa | what is the name of the bony socket that the condyle sits in? |
| process | what is a projection of bone called? |
| 14 | how many facial bones are there in the human skull? |
| 8 | how many cranial bones are there in the human skull? |
| sagittal suture | what is the name of the suture that joins the parietal bones? |
| frontal bone | what is the single cranial bone that forms the forehead and a portion of the orbits? |
| parietal bones | what paired cranial bones articulate with each other to make up most of the crown of the skull? |
| sphenoid bone | what is the single midline cranial bone with a body and several pairs of processes, also known as the butterfly or bat bone? |
| lateral ptergoid plate | a portion of the ptergoid process |
| medial ptergoid plate | which portion of the ptergoid plate does the hamulus project from? |
| maxillary molar periapical | which x-ray can you see the hamulus in? |
| foramen rotundum | foramen in the sphenoid bone that carries the trigeminal nerve or CN #5 |
| foramen spinosum | foramen in the sphenoid bone for the middle meningeal artery |
| foramen ovale | foramen in the sphenoid bone for the mandibular division of the trigeminal or CN#5 |
| incisive foramen | which foramen does the nasopalatine nerve enter to leave the palatal area? |
| maxillary nerve | what nerve passes through the foramen rotundum? |
| mental foramen | the foramen in between the apices of the 1st and 2nd premolars of the mandible |
| mandibular nerve | what nerve passes through the foramen ovale? |
| temporal bones | what paired cranial bones form the lateral walls and articulate with the mandible at the TMJ? |
| external acoustic meatus | what is the canal leading to the tympanic cavity? |
| tympanic portion of temporal bone | portion of the temporal bone that forms most of the external acoustic meatus- inner ear canal |
| chorda tympani nerve | which nerve passes through the petrotympanic fissure? |
| occipital bone | what is the single cranial bone in the most posterior portion of the skull? |
| occipital condyles | flattened areas of the occipital bone that articulate with the 1st cervical vertebra |
| 1st cervical vertebra | what does the occipital bone articulate with? |
| mental protuberance | what is the origin of the mentalis muscle? |
| soft tissue of the chin | where does the mentalis muscle insert? |
| soft tissue around the mouth | where is the insertion and origin of the obicularis oris muscle? |
| zygomatic bone | where does the zygomaticus originate? |
| corner of lip | where does the zygomaticus muscle insert? |
| smiling | what action does the zygomaticus muscle help you do? |
| CN #5 (mandibular branch of trigeminal) | all muscles of mastication are innervated by what nerve? |
| masseter | what muscle of mastication is the most lateral? |
| zygomatic arch of zygomatic bone | where is the origin of the zygomatic muscle? |
| ramus and angle of mandible | where does the masseter muscle insert? |
| chewing, talking and elevation | what are the functions of the masseter muscle? |
| masseter | what is the largest muscle of mastication, as well as the powerhouse, whose functions are chewing, talking, and elevation of mandible |
| efferent | is the hypoglossal afferent, efferent, or both? |
| move mandible laterally and interpetrusive | what is the action of the lateral ptergoid muscle? |
| saliva production | what is the response of the salivary glands to parasympathetic stimulation? |
| facial or chorda tympani nerve | what nerve provides taste sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue? |
| hinge | what is the first movement of the TMJ? |
| maxillary or buccal nerve | what nerve provides sensation to the cheek? |
| inferior alveolar nerve | which nerve provides pain sensation to tooth #30? |
| mandibular nerve | what nerve makes the mandible move? |
| facial nerve (CN#7) | what nerve supplies motor fibers to the buccinator? |
| incisive nerve | what nerve provides sensation to tooth # 24? |
| temporal bone | where does the temporalis muscle originate? |
| on coronoid process | where does the temporalis muscle insert? |
| elevation and retraction of the mandible | what is the action of the temporalis muscle? |
| temporalis muscle | what shapes the coronoid processs? |
| lateral ptergoid process | where does the medial ptergoid muscle originate? |
| angle of mandible | where is the insertion of the medial ptergoid muscle? |
| elevation | what is the action of the medial ptergoid muscle? |
| ptergoid process | where does the lateral ptergoid muscle originate? |
| condyle | where is the insertion for the lateral ptergoid muscle? |
| move condyle | what is the action of the lateral ptergoid muscle? |
| mandible protrudes | what happens when both the right and left lateral ptergoid muscles contract? |
| intrinsic muscles of the tongue | what is responsible for shaping the tongue during speech, chewing, and swallowing? |
| extrinsic muscles of the tongue | what assists in movement and functioning of the tongue, sticking it out, moving it right or left etc.? |
| extrinsic | which group of muscles allow you to stick out your tongue? |
| artery | medium to large blood vessel that takes blood away from the heart |
| vein | larger vessel that takes blood to the heart |
| thrombus | a blood clot that is still lodged in the wall of a vessel |
| embolism | a blood clot that is moving within the bloodstream |
| thrombus | which typically happens first, thrombus or embolism? |
| common carotid artery | artery that supplies oxygen to the tissues of the face and brain |
| internal carotid artery | artery that supplies oxygen to the brain |
| external carotid artery | artery that supplies oxygen to the facial regions and everywhere except the brain |
| facial artery | an artery that supplies oxygen to most of the superficial tissues of the face |
| lingual artery | an artery that supplies oxygen to the floor of the mouth and tongue |
| maxillary artery | an artery that supplies oxygen to the deeper tissues of the face |
| inferior alveolar artery | and artery that supplies oxygen to the posterior teeth and periodontium of the mandible |
| terminal artery | the maxillary artery is a branch of which artery? |
| superficial temporal artery | name one terminal branch of the external carotid artery |
| ptergoid plexus | collection of veins around the ptergoid muscle and maxillary arteries that drain the deep face and alveolar veins into the maxillary vein |
| external jugular vein | vein that forms the posterior division of the retromandibular vein |
| immediate swelling and bruise from pooling blood | what is the side effects of piercing the ptergoid plexus while injecting? |
| central nervous system | division of the nervous system that consists of the spinal cord and brain |
| peripheral nervous system | division of the nervous system that consists of the afferent and efferent nervous system |
| autonomic nervous system | sub division of the efferent division of the PNS, that operates without conscious control and is further divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic systems |
| sympathetic nervous system | fight or flight response, autonomic- no control over responses to frightful or stressful stimuli; dry mouth, constricted pupils, increased heart rate, decrease in GI and urinary systems, muscles dilate etc. |
| parasympathetic nervous system | (paradise) relaxed, normal pupils, working GI and urinary systems, resting heart, salivary glands working etc. |
| somatic nervous system | the nerves that cause the result in the effect that you determine, or have control over, flexing muscles, walking, sticking out tongue, etc. |
| produce saliva | what happens to the salivary glands during parasympathetic response? |
| CNS | are spinal nerves CNS or PNS? |
| cranial nerves | 12 pair of nerves that extend directly from the brain |
| CN V | trigeminal nerve (dental nerve), largest cranial nerve |
| maxillary nerve | V2, midsized branch of CN V, that is completely sensory, carries sensation to the maxillary teeth, lip, cheek, palate, periodontium, and enters the foramen rotundum. |
| anterior superior alveolar nerve | ASA- L & R, supplies anterior teeth, innervates pulp, perio, and buccal soft tissues, not palate, some people have a cross over, feeds into the Infraorbital maxillary branch, to trigeminal |
| middle superior alveolar nerve | MSA-, L7R, supplies 1st and 2nd premolars, and mesiobuccal root of the 1st molars, pulp, perio, & buccal mucosa. travels from teeth, to MSA, to infraorbital maxillary branch, to trigeminal |
| posterior superior alveolar nerve | PSA- L& R, supplies the rest of the 1st molar as well as the 2nd and 3rd molars, pulp, perio, and buccal tissues. it feeds up maxillary branch to trigeminal |
| incisive foramen | what foramen does the nasopalatine nerve exit? |
| maxillary premolars, and mesiobuccal root of the 1st molar | what teeth do the MSA supply? |
| inferior alveolar nerve | supplies mandibular posterior teeth, pulp, and perio, it travels inside the mandibular canal, and exits at the mandibular foramen |
| incisive nerve | supplies to the mandibular anterior teeth and perio, it feeds into IAN, to V3, to CN V, starts at the mental foramen |
| mental nerve | supplies the mandibular lip and chin area, stays outside of the mandibular bone, it feeds into the mental foramen, to IAN, to Alveolar canal, to CN V. |
| lingual nerve | Sensory, travels beside the Inferior Alveolar Nerve until it enters the Mand. bone, supplies pain sensation to the tongue. |
| buccal nerve | sensory, exits skull and stays in soft tissue, not bone. Supplies the inside of the cheek area. |
| both | is the mandibular nerve afferent of efferent or both? |
| mental nerve | what nerve exits the mental foramen? |
| posterior mandibular teeth and pulpal tissues | what does the IAN serve? |
| chorda tympani nerve | supplies taste sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue |
| glossopharyngeal nerve | CN # IX, supplies taste to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue, it is parasymapthetic to the parotid |
| secrete saliva | does the glossopharyngeal nerve cause the parotid to secrete or retain saliva? |
| both | is the glossopharyngeal nerve afferent, efferent, or both? |
| hypoglossal nerve | CN # XII, motor nerve, exits from hypoglossal canal, supplies extrinsic muscles of the tongue. |
| efferent | is the hypoglossal afferent, efferent, of both? |
| systemic circulation | whole body circulation |
| pulmonary circulation | circulation within the heart, can be broken down into R-lungs, and L-Body circulation |
| chambers of the heart | left atrium, right atrium, left ventricle, left ventricle |
| valves of the heart | tricuspid valve, aortic valve, pulmonary valve, and mitral valve |
| tricuspid valve | which valve is on the right side of the heart? |
| circulation of blood through the heart | deoxygenated blood comes back to the heart from the body via the superior vena cava, into the right atrium, pumped through the tricuspid valve, to the right ventricle, through the pulmonary valve into pulmonary atrery, to the lungs, lungs then oxygenate the blood and pump it back into the heart from the pulmonary veins, into the left ventricle, through aortic valve, out to the aorts to take to the rest of the body |
| afferent nerve | sensory nerve that carries information from the periphery of the body to the brain or spinal cord |
| efferent nerve | motor nerve that carries information away from the brain or spinal cord to the periphery of the body |
| afferent | CN I- olfactory nerve, afferent of efferent or both? |
| afferent | CN II- optic nerve, afferent, efferent or both? |
| efferent | CN III- oculomotor nerve, afferent, efferent, or both? |
| efferent | CN IV- Trochlear nerve, afferent, efferent, or both? |
| both | CN V- Trigeminal nerve, afferent, efferent, or both? |
| efferent | CN VI- Abducens nerve, afferent, efferent, or both? |
| both | CN VII- Facial nerve, afferent, efferent, or both? |
| afferent | CN VIII- Vestibulocochlear nerve, afferent, efferent, or both? |
| both | CN IX- Glossopharyngeal nerve, afferent, efferent, or both? |
| both | CN X- Vagus nerve, afferent, efferent, or both? |
| efferent | CN XI- Accessory nerve, afferent, efferent, or both? |
| efferent | CN XII- Hypoglossal nerve, afferent, efferent, or both? |
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