Bio-Chemistry
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37 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Element | A pure substance made up of one kind of atom |
| Compound | A pure substance made of two or more elements |
| Mixture | Impure substance that is not chemically joined |
| Pure substance | A subtance that cannot be broken down by ordinary means |
| Impure Substance | A substance that is not chemically joined |
| Protons | Positive charge; in the nucleus; identifies the different atoms |
| neutrons | neutral; in the nucleus |
| electrons | negative charge; outside the nucleus |
| ions | lost or gained electrons |
| isotopes | atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons |
| electronegativity | atoms attract for electrons |
| polar bond | covalent bond where the electrons arent shared equally |
| non-polar bond | convalent bond where electrons are shared equally |
| ionic bond | where electrons transfer from one atom to another |
| organic | it contains two or more carbons (NCHOPS) |
| inorganic | doesnt contain two or more carbons |
| atom | smallest particle of matter |
| molecule | smallest part of a covalent compound |
| activation energy | energy needed to start a reaction |
| carbohydrate | immidiate energy source; ex: starch and sugar |
| lipid | long term energy storage |
| protein | makes up structures |
| enzymes | the functional proteins that speed up reactions |
| nucleic acid | information molecules (DNA and RNA) |
| saturated | all single bonds between carbons; harder to break down |
| un-saturated | two or more bonds; easier to break down |
| dehydration synthesis | remove water to connect subunits |
| atomic structure | the structure of an atom |
| atomic number | number of protons |
| atomic mass | protons + neutrons |
| How do ions form? Why? | They form by gaining or losing electrons. Why? -to give them a filled energy shell |
| Ways to determine if a chemical reaction occurred | look for bubbles, temperature changes, etc. |
| Differences between solutions, colloids, suspensions | solutions- dissolves colloids- evenly distributes suspension- doesn't dissolve |
| Why do we need enzymes? | They allows reaction to occur and they break down foods |
| pH scale and relative acid/base strength | - low numbers are acids -lower the number the stronger the acid -high numbers are bases -higher the number the stronger the base |
| Covalent Bonds | sharing of one or more pairs of electrons (pair of Oxygen atoms) |
| Covalent Compounds | when bonds share electrons |
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