Pharmacology Final Review

5 Written Questions

1. indications: hypothyroidism, maintains thyroid levels after surgery
   AE: rare, w/ acute OD thyrotoxicosis can occur s/s tachycardia, angina, tremor, nervousness, insomnia, hyperthermia, heat intolerance, & sweating
2. indications: prevention of venous thrombosis
   AE: hemorrhage, harmful during pregnancy and lactation
   lab values: INR 2-3, PT INR 1.5-2
   Antidote: Vitamin K
3. indications: UTIs
   AE: hypersensitivity, photosensitivity, Steven's Johnson Syndrome
4. a chronic psychotic illness characterized by disordered thinking and reduced ability to comprehend reality
   + symptoms: exaggeration or distortion of normal functioning, hallucinations, delusions, agitation, tension, and paranoia. respond to 1st and 2nd gen
   - symptoms: loss or diminution of normal function, lack of motivation, poverty of speech, blunted effect, poor self care, social withdrawal. 1nd gen are better treatment for - symptoms
5. produce their effects by preventing receptor activation by endogenous regulatory molecules and drugs.
   Has affinity, but not intrinsic activity
   no receptor activation

5 Matching Questions

1. Vincristine (Oncovin)
2. Isoniazid (INH)
3. What is the goal of cancer pain management?
4. Beta Blockers (Propranolol/Inderol)
5. Albuterol (proventil)

1. a patient and nurse set a pain goal together because ca pain is hard to manage
2. b indications: bone marrow sparing (chemo), hodgkin's and nonhodgkin's lymphoma, acute lymphocytic leukemia, wilm's tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, kaposi's syndrome, breast ca, bladder ca
   AE: peripheral neuropathy
   route: IV
3. c indications: latent and active TB
   AE: peripheral neuropathy (tingling, numbness, pain in hands & feet, burning) <- give B6 for this
   hepatotoxicity
4. d indications: HTN, angina pectoralis, dysrhythmias, panic disorders, anxiety, MI, migraine, stage fright
   AE: bradycardia, orthostatic hypotension, rebound tachy<3, bronchoconstriction, inhibition of glycogenalysis, masks tachycardia- therfore masks hypoglycemia, CNS depression
   *get baseline pulse before admin
   *avoid in pt w/ severe allergy and diabetes
5. e indications: COPD, asthma, bronchospasm
   - used PRN, wait 1 min btwn puffs
   AE: tachycardia, angina, tremor, nervousness, restlessness, paradoxical bronchospasm, chest pain, palpitations

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. -erosion of gastric wall due to long-term aspirin use
   -increased secretion of gastric acid and pepsin
   -decreased production of cytoprotective mucus and bicarbonate
   -decreased submucosal blood flow
   -infection of H. pylori
   -drugs that cause gastric ulcers = NSAIDs aspirin
   1. Benzodiazapines
   2. Vasodilators
   3. Sulfonamides
   4. Causes of Gastric Ulcers
2. Oanzapine (zyprexa)- schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
   AE: weigth gain, dislipidemia, and diabetes
   Ziprasidone (geodon) - schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
   AE: somnolence, orthostatic hypotension, rash, prolonged QT interval
   1. Define a partial agonist
   2. 2nd Generation Antipsychotics (atypical)
   3. Define antagonist
   4. 1st Generation Antipsychotics (neuroleptics)
3. indications: chlamydia, mycoplasma, H. pylori, bacillus anthracis, rocky mt. spotted fever, cholera, lyme disease, acne, and peridontal disease
   AE: GI upset, teeth discoloration, c. diff, candida, hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, photosensitive, and super infection
   * do not give to pregnant women or children under 8
   1. Morphine
   2. Tetracyclines
   3. Penicillins
   4. Antiemetics
4. indications: treats streptococcus pneumonia and pyrogenes
   AE: allergic reactions, pain at injection site, sensory/motor dysfunction, neurotoxicity if blood levels too high
   *alternative = erythromycin
   1. Antitussives
   2. Penicillins
   3. Antiemetics
   4. Benzodiazapines
5. indications: depression, bipolar disorder, OCD, panic disorder, bulimia, premenstrual dysphoric disorder
   - causes CNS excitation
   AE: sexual dysfunction, nausea, HA, nervousness, insomnia, weight gain, serotonin syndrome, withdrawal, neonatal effects
   *initially there is a suicide risk, especially in adolescents and young adults
   1. Define absorption
   2. Define excretion
   3. Amphotercin B (Amphotec)
   4. SSRIs (Lexapro/Zoloft/Prozac)

5 True/False Questions

1. Sildenafil (Viagra) → indications: erectile dysfunction
   AE: hypotension, priapism (long erection), HA, dyspepsia, flushing, nasal congestion, diarrhea, rash, dizziness, mild transient visual disturbances, intensified OSA
   drug interactions: nitrates (causing hypotension), alpha blockers, grapefruit juice can suppress metabolism

   True        False

2. What is the nurses role in preventing medication errors? → 6 Rights-
   medication, client, time, route, dose, documentation
   pt has the right to know and the right to refuse
   last line of defense!

   True        False

3. Short term complications of DM → hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and ketoacidosis

   True        False

4. Antitussives → indications: UTIs
   AE: hypersensitivity, photosensitivity, Steven's Johnson Syndrome

   True        False

5. H2 Blockers (cimetidine/tagamet) → indications: ulcers, GERD, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, aspiration pneumonitis, heartburn, acid indigestion, sour stomach
   AE: rare, but can cause CNS effects, pneumonia, hypotension, dysrhythmias, growth of candida, HA, dizziness, myalgia, nausea, diarrhea, constipation, rash, and pruritis

   True        False