| Term | Definition |
| Abraham Lincoln | The 16th President who successfully put the Union back together but was assasinated 5 days after the Civil War ended. |
| Alexander Hamilton | Leader of the Federalist Party, first Treasurer of the U.S., and was killed in a duel by the VP, Aaron Burr. |
| Patrick Henry | He was famous for his speeches in favor of American independence. He said, "Give me liberty or give me death." |
| James Madison | The "Father of the Constitution". |
| Frederick Douglass | A former slave who became the best-known black abolitionist in the country. |
| James Monroe | The author of the Monroe Doctrine, which shut down the western hemisphere to European expansion. |
| Harriet Tubman | An escaped slave who became a conductor on the Underground Railroad and helped over 300 slaves to freedom in the North. |
| Elizabeth Cady Stanton | Organized the Seneca Falls Convention creating the Women's Rights Movement in the U.S. |
| Horace Mann | Organized the public education movement and is known as the "Father of Education" |
| James Oglethorpe | Founded Georgia as a safe place for debtors and prisoners |
| William Penn | Founder of Pennsylvania; He promised religious freedom to all, especially Quakers |
| Committees of Correspondence | Created by Sons of Liberty prior to American Revolution to help towns and colonies share information about resisting the new British laws. |
| The 54th Massachusetts Infantry | An African American regiment during the Civil War that played a key role in the attack of Fort Wagner |
| Marbury v. Madison | The court decision that gave the Supreme Court the right to determine whether a law violates the Constitution. It sets up the principle of JUDICIAL REVIEW. |
| Dred Scott v. Sanford | The Supreme Court decision that said slaves were property and not citizens. |
| Cotton gin | An invention by Eli Whitney that sped up the cleaning of cotton fibers. In effect, it increased the need for slaves. |
| Steamboat | The successful use of the __________ by Robert Fulton revolutionized transportation and trade in the U.S. |
| 13th Amendment | Amendment that abolished (outlawed) slavery. |
| 14th Amendment | Amendment that guarantees citizenship and rights to all people born in the U.S. |
| 15th Amendment | Amendment that guarantees the right to vote to all citizens regardless of race. |