Sub-Saharan Africa
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Created by:
Qwertygirl on December 11, 2011
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55 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 about how long was the Bantu migration? | 2000 B.C.E.--1000 C.E. |
| who spread agriculture and herding throughout Africa and displaced and/or absorbed hunting/gathering/fishing people? | The Bantu |
| after 500 B.C.E., what facilitated clearing more land? | Iron metallurgy |
| what was the Bantus three big farming comadities before the bananas? | Yams, sorghum, and millet |
| after 500 C.E., what caused migration and population surge? | Introduction of bananas |
| what was population growth like between the years 400 B.C.E. and 1000 C.E. | from 3.5 million in 400 B.C.E. to 22 million by 1000 C.E. |
| what were african kin-based societies called? | stateless societies |
| what were stateless societies like? | 1) did not depend on elaborate bureaucracy 2) governed through family and kinship groups 3) council consisted of male family heads 4) Chief of a village was from the most prominent family head 5) A group of villages constituted a district |
| what was created because population growth strained resources and increased conflict? | Chiefdoms |
| around 1000 C.E., what was happened that was causing cheifdoms to rise? | communities began to organize military forces |
| what is chiefdom? | Powerful chiefs overrode kinship networks and imposed authority and conquered |
| what are examples of chiefdom? | Examples: Ife and Benin |
| when did the Kingdom of Kongo crop up? | 1000 CE |
| how did he Kingdom of Kongo come to be? | 1) Villages formed small states along the Congo River 2) Small states formed several larger principalities 3) One principality overcame its neighbors 4) Maintained a centralized government with a royal currency system |
| how long did the kingdom of Kongo last? | seventeenth century |
| by what year did camels replace horses and donkeys? | 300 CE |
| what where the effects of introducing camels into africa? | quickened pace of communication across the Sahara and Islamic merchants crossed desert and established relations |
| what kingdom was first to become the most important commercial site in west Africa? | kingdom of Ghana |
| what did the kingdom of Ghana provide for northern africa? | Provided gold (most important), ivory, and slaves for traders from north Africa |
| what did the Kingdom of Ghana get trade for? | horses, cloth, manufactured goods, and salt |
| what was the capital of the Kingdom of Ghana? | Koumbi-Saleh |
| by what century did the Kingdom of Ghana begin to convert to islam? | tenth century (900s) |
| what century did the Kingdom of Ghana fall and why? | Nomadic raids from the Sahara weakened the kingdom in the early thirteenth century |
| who built Mali empire (reigned 1230-1255 C.E.)? | Sundiata, or lion prince |
| why was the Mali empire sucsessful? | controlled and taxed almost all trade passing through west Africa and enormous caravans linked Mali to north Africa |
| what prospered because of caravan routes? (specifically) | cities on caravan routes such as the Mali capital of Niani |
| who was Sundiata's grandnephew (reigned 1312-1337 C.E.)? | Mansa Musa |
| what is Mansa Musa famous for? | Made his pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324-1325 with huge caravan |
| what did Mansa Musa do after he returned from his trip? | 1) built mosques 2) Sent students to study islam in north Africa 3) Established Islamic schools in Mali |
| why did the Mali empire decline? | due to factions and military pressure from neighbors and nomads |
| by what century was the mali empire finished? | mid-fifteenth century |
| who was the mali empire replaced by? | The Songhay empire replaced Mali by the late fifteenth century |
| what does Swahili mean? | Arabic term meaning "coasters" |
| how far did the Swahili reign reach? | Dominated east African coast from Mogadishu to Sofala |
| what was the swahili language of mixture of? | aribic and bantu |
| how did swahili chiefs gain power? | Chiefs gained power through taxing trade on ports |
| by the eleventh and twelfth centuries what were happening the swahili ports? | Ports developed into city-states governed by kings |
| what is a good example of busy city-state on east coast that exported gold? | Kilwa |
| chiefs began to build stone residences where and in what land? | 9th century in Zimbabwe |
| in the twelfth century, magnificent stone complex build by eastern africans was known as what? | Great Zimbabwe |
| how many people people lived in Great Zimbabwe in the late fifteenth century? | Eighteen thousand |
| what where the benifits of eastern africans converting to islam? | Conversion promoted close cooperation with Muslim merchants and also opened door to political alliances with Muslim rulers |
| who of the eastern africans converted to islam? | Ruling elite and wealthy merchants converted to Islamic faith |
| what four difference types of societies did africa have all at once? | villages, kingdoms, empires, city-states |
| what were the gender differences like in african society? | 1) Men undertook heavy labor 2) Women were responsible for child rearing, domestic chores 3) Men monopolized public authority, but women enjoyed high honor as the source of life 4) Aristocratic women could influence public affairs Women could trade 5) Sometimes women organized all-female military units 6) Islam did not hurt womens position |
| who made up the slave population in africa? | captives of war, debtors, criminals |
| what famous slave revolt occured in Mesopotamia in tenth century? | Zanj slave |
| what was pagen african religion like? | 1) Creator god as source of world order 2) lesser gods: Often associated with natural features 3) Believed in ancestors' souls; had many rituals |
| who were diviners? | people who 1) mediated between humanity and supernatural beings 2) Interpreted the cause of the people's misfortune 3) Used medicine or rituals to eliminate problems |
| african religion was not theological but rather.... | practical |
| when did christianity reach africa? | first century C.E. |
| in the fourth century what christian society popped up? | Christian kingdom of Axum in Ethiopia |
| what where fictionalized account of lineage used by christian ethopians and was popular with Rastafarians? | Kebra Negast |
| who claimed descent from Israelite kings in the thirteenth century? | Solomonic dynasty |
| who carved churches out of solid rock? | christian ethopians |
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