| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Chromatid | One of the two identical sister parts of a duplicated chromosome. |
| Centromere | Area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached. |
| DNA | Dioxyribonucleic acid, carries the directions for inheritance. |
| Chromosome | Threadlike substance within the nucleus that contains the genetic information passed from one generation of cells to the next. |
| Meiosis | Process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half, through the separation of homologus chromosomes in a diploid cell. |
| Cell Division | Process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells, PMATC |
| Cell Cycle | IPMATC, series of events that cells go through to grow and divide. |
| Interphase | Period of cell cycle between divisions, (growth and replication of DNA) |
| Prophase | First and longest phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on oppoite ends of the nucleus. |
| Haploid (N) | Used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes. |
| Metaphase | Second phase of mitosis, when chromosomes line up along the center of the cell. |
| Anaphase | Third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs separate and move toward opposite poles. |
| Telophase | Fourth and final phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes begin to disperse into a tangle of dense material. |
| Cytokinesis | Division of the cytoplasm |
| Diploid (2N) | Cell that contains both sets of genetic information. |
| Mitosis | Part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell's nucleus divides. |
| Centrioles | Two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope. |
| Cancer | Disorder in which some of the body's own cells lose the ability to control growth. |
| Cyclin | One of a family of closely related proteins that regulate the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells. |
| Homologous chromosomes | Chromosomes that each have a cooresponding chromosome from the opposite sex parent. |
| Internal Regulators | Proteins that respond to events within the cell. |
| External Regulators | Proteins that respond to events outside of the cell. |
| Gamete | Specialized cel involved in sexual reproduction. |
| Zygote | Fertilized egg. |
| No | Is interphase an actual phase of mitosis? |
| S Phase | Phase of interphase in which the DNA or chromosomes are replicated. |
| G1 | Phase of interphase in which the cell grows. |
| They respond by not growing. | What happens when growing cells come in contact with other cells? |
| They will begin dividing until they fill the empty space. | If growing cells are removed from the petri dish, what occurs? |
| Tumor | Mass of tissue caused by cancer. |
| Size, Number | Cells do not increase in ____, they increase in ______. |
| N | This letter represents the number of chromosomes in a gamete. |
| Crossing over | Chromosome arms exchange DNA segments when homologus chromosome pairs are next to eachother. |
| Prophase I | Which phase does crossing over occur in? (Meiosis) |
| G2 | Period when cell prepares to divide,after DNA is duplicated. |
| Chromatids | Two identical halves of a chromosome |
| Binary Fission | Process by which prokaryotic cells duplicate. |
| 46 | Number of chromosomes in a human. |
| Supercoiling | When chromosomes condense. |
| Cleavage Furrow | When the nucleus is completely formed, this begins to appear. |
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