biology 1 unit 5
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Created by:
alexandra-hansen on December 11, 2011
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42 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 pleiotropy | the impact of a single gene on more than one character |
| gene | a part of the DNA that determines a person's traits |
| allele | the different parts of a gene |
| homozygous | two of the same allele for a specific gene |
| genotype | the genetic make- up (Aa) |
| phenotype | physical make up (what you look like) |
| dominant | always expressed if it is present |
| recessive | only present when 2 recessive traits are present(dominant is not) |
| heredity | the transmission of traits from one generation to the next |
| genetics | the scientific study of heredity |
| gregor mendel | 1822, the "father of genetics" , a monk that planted pea plants and determined basic inheritance patterns |
| trait | a variant of a character (i.e. color) |
| true breeding | purebred varieties, for which self- fertilization produced offspring all identical to the parent |
| p generation | parental plants |
| F1 generation | the hybrid offspring of the P generation |
| F2 generation | the offspring of F1 plants |
| locus | the particular site where a gene is found on a chromosome |
| law of segregation | a sperm or egg carries only one allele for each inherited character because the two members of an allele pair segregate from each other during the production of gametes |
| dihybrid crosses | the crossing of parental varieties differing in two characters |
| law of independent assortment | a hypothesis that says each pair of alleles assorts independently of the other pairs of alleles during gamete formation |
| rule of multiplication | a rule stating that the probability of a compound event is the product of the separate probabilities of the independent events |
| wild type traits | traits seen most often in nature and are not necessarily specifies by dominant alleles |
| pedigree | a family tree representing the occurrence of heritable traits in parents and offspring across a number of generations (square= males, circle= females, unborn= triangles) |
| carrier | have recessive disorders but are dominant, so appear normal |
| independent assortment | homologous pairs line up randomly, different allele pairs separate independently of each other during meiosis/ different genes are inherited separately |
| cystic fibrosis | a lethal recessive disorder, which causes an excessive secretion of mucus |
| inbreeding | a mating between close relatives, which is more likely to reproduce offspring homozygous for a harmful recessive trait |
| codominance | when both alleles are expressed in heterozygous individuals |
| Huntington's disease | a dominant disease, which is a degeneration of the nervous system |
| sex-linked gene | any gene located on a sex chromosome |
| hemophilia | a sex linked recessive trait, when one bleeds and cannot stop |
| red-green colorblindness | a common sex linked recessive disorder, characterized by a malfunction of light sensitive cells in the eyes |
| sickle cell disease | a disorder which is a pleiotropy in humans |
| incomplete dominance | when there is a third trait present (ex: red and white plants make pink ones) |
| A blood groups | IA, IA IA, IAi |
| B blood groups | IB, IB IB, IBi |
| AB blood groups | IA IB |
| O blood groups | ii |
| holandric | when the trait is linked to the y chromosome |
| autosomal | A trait not on a sex chromosome |
| the role of the environment | many human characteristics result from a combination of heredity and environment (hair, skin color, weight etc) |
| the chromosomal basis of inheritance | the theory that states that genes are located on chromosomes and the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis and fertilization accounts for inheritance patterns |
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