Chapter 3
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38 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Cells are related to the nutrients we eat in foods because | nutrients can affect how the genes in cells work |
| A gene variation in the cells can occasionally cause an inborn error of metabolism. If this is discovered by a healthcare provider, the advice would be to | eat a special diet that will minimize its potential harm to the body |
| The importance of the lungs in the circulatory system is that they are responsible for | adding oxygen to the blood |
| Nutrients are delivered from the intestines through the circulatory system to the cells by | transport through the blood to the liver for chemical altering to make them better suited for use by the tissues |
| A person can eat when hunger is absent because | the conscious mind of the cortex can override body signals |
| During the fight-or-flight reaction to stress the nervous system reacts by | releasing stored glucose from the liver |
| What is the role of the phagocytes and lymphocytes in protecting the body from invading organisms? | killer T-cells seek out and destroy all foreign particles with the same identity |
| When given a choice between tasting a snack of cookies, potato chips, or dill pickles, most people would | select the cookies because of our preference for sweet tastes |
| Digestion of foods includes the mechanical actions of | peristalsis waves to move the foods down through the digestive tract |
| Which of the following statements is true regarding the timing of meals? | Timing of meals is important to feeling well |
| Chronic, low-grade inflammation in chronic disease is of interest because | it foretells of the risk of death from the disease |
| Digestion of macronutrients begins in the mouth with enzyme action on | starches by designated carbohydrases and fats by designated lipases |
| The digestive juices in the digestive tract include | pancreatic juice, which neutralizes stomach acids reaching the small intestine |
| The vast majority of fat digestion takes place in the | small intestine with lipases released by the gallbladder |
| You have just consumed a meal very high in fat. As a result, hormonal messages will tell an organ to send _____ in amounts matched to the amount of fat present. | bile |
| As food moves through the digestive tract it spends the most time in the | large intestine because of the need to partially digest fiber and absorb water |
| As the villi in the small intestine are exposed to nutrients | they will preferentially absorb a greater percentage of deficient nutrients |
| What are the major roles of the villi and microvilli in the small intestine? | the microvilli trap nutrients so the villi cells can absorb them |
| Which of the following would occur in a malnourished child? | The absorptive surface of the small intestine would shrink |
| Which of the following strategies should be used by someone experiencing heartburn? | Drink liquids an hour before or after meals and eat smaller meals |
| If you are taking medications to treat the discomfort caused by heartburn, it is important to know that | antacids will only temporarily relieve pain by neutralizing stomach acid for a while |
| Which of the following advice would you give to a friend suffering from constipation? | Consume foods with adequate fiber and drink enough water |
| When the colon is not functioning properly, complications that may arise include | irritable bowel syndrome caused by stress and lack of physical activity |
| The main purpose of the kidneys in the body is to | remove everyday wastes and water from the body |
| A person in an emergency situation is unable to eat for several weeks. Which of the following would provide the energy that this person would need to survive? | fat |
| Which of the following should be consumed at intervals throughout the day? | carbohydrate-containing foods |
| Glycogen is stored in the body for future use. If it is drawn upon it will | provide energy for cell activities during extended between-meal intervals |
| Excess nutrients are stored in various body tissues for future use. An example of this would be | calcium, which is stored in reserves in the skeletal system |
| If you do not eat on a regular basis throughout the day, the effect on the body will be | a coordinated effort to draw stored energy from various parts of the body |
| Which of the following deliver(s) one-half ounce of ethanol? | 5 ounces and 12 ounces of beer |
| A person can become intoxicated almost immediately when drinking, especially if: | the stomach is empty |
| Which of the following organs makes almost all of the body's alcohol-processing machinery? | liver |
| Which of the following restores sobriety in someone who has been drinking alcohol? | time |
| Alcohol affects body functions in all of the following ways except | it slows down the synthesis of fatty acids |
| Alcohol's effect on nutrition is important because | alcohol causes the liver to expel folate into the blood for excretion by the kidneys |
| Although the recommendation is to drink in moderation if consuming alcohol, the following problem may still need to be considered | moderation is difficult to define because of differences in tolerance among people |
| You are concerned about a classmate who is binge drinking on a regular basis and want to let him know about long-term complications that may rise from that practice. What would you tell him to try to convince him to cut back on drinking? | excessive alcohol intake can lead to deterioration of skeletal and heart muscle |
| A friend of yours is considering drinking one glass of wine a day because she has heard that it may reduce her risk of heart attacks. What information would you provide to her? | in middle-aged populations, taking 1-2 drinks a day may benefit the heart |
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