| Term | Definition |
|---|
| What enzymes are all found in the mitochondrial space? | The enzymes of the citric acid cycle, the Beta oxidation pathway for the breakdown of fatty acids, and he degradation of amino acids are all found there. |
| Describe the outer structure of the mitochondria | The outer membrane is really porous, but th einner membrane is highly folded and impermeable to most substances. For this reason, there are many transport proteins on the inner membrane to bring particular fuel molecules into the matrix space. Also embedded within the inner mitochondrial membrane are protein electron carriers of the electron transport system and ATP synthase. |
| Under aerobic conditions, what happens to pyruvate? | It is completely oxidized to CO2 and then enters the mitochondria and converts to Acetyl CoA |
| Describe Acetyl CoA. | It is a central character in cellular metabolism, produced by the degradation of glucose, fatty acids and some amino acids. The main function of it is to carry the acetyl group to the citric acid cycle, in which it will be used to produce large amounts of ATP. |
| What is the final stage of the breakdown of fats, carbs and amino acids released from dietary proteins? | Citric Acid Cycle! |
| What happens in the first stage of the Citric Acid Cycle? | Oxaloecetate combines with Acetyl CoA to create citrate and coenzyme A |
| What are the final products of the Citric Acid Cycle? | Two molecules of CO2 and oxaloacetate, the mol we began with! |
| At several steps of the Citric Acid cycle, a substrate is oxidized. What is created? | NADH and FADH2, energized coenzymes...the electrons then pass through an electron transport chain to the terminal electron acceptor, O2. As a result of the transfer of electrons, H ions are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane compartment. In the final step, the energy of the H reservoir is used to make ATP, carried out y the enzyme complex ATP synthase. |
| What is the process of creating ATP from H ions in the intermembrane compartment called? | Oxidative phosphorylation, ecause the energy of electrons from the oxidation of substrates in the citric acid cycle are used to phosphorylate ADP to produce ATP. |
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