English Midterm Review
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34 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 verbal | verb used as another part of speech |
| present participle | used as adjective; present participle ends with "-ing" ex.: Moses saw the burning bush. |
| past participle | used as adjective; ends in "-d, -ed, -t, -g, -ng, -n" ex.: The burned toast tasted horrible. |
| gerund | ends in "-ing"; is a noun: used as a subject, predicate nominative, direct object, object of preposition, and rarely as indirect object or an appositive ex.: Running is tiresome. (subject) ex.: I like running. (direct object) ex.: His favorite activity is running. (pred. nom.) ex.: Today is a good day for running. (obj. of prep.) |
| infinitive | is "to + a verb"; used as adjectives, nouns, and adverbs ex.: To run is my favorite hobby. (subject) ex.: I like to run. (direct object) ex.: His response was to shout. (pred. nom.) ex.: I was about to run. (prep. phrase) ex.: He is the man to see. (adjective) ex.: I left to see the movie. (adverb) and... NEVER put an adverb between the "to" and verb!! |
| direct object | comes after action verb; is a noun or pronoun answers questions: who or what ex.: The pitcher threw the ball. subject: pitcher verb: threw (action verb) direct object: ball (answers question: what) |
| indirect object | comes after action verb; comes before a direct object; is a noun or a pronoun answers questions: to whom, for whom; to what, for what ex.: Tristan bought Hailey red roses. subject: Tristan verb: bought (action verb) nouns after verb: Hailey, roses direct object: roses (answers question: what) indirect object: Hailey (answers question: for whom) |
| predicate adjectives | word that is linked to and describes the subject; comes after a linking verb; is an adjective ex.: Yogurt tastes delicious. subject: yogurt verb: tastes (linking verb) predicate adjective: delicious (describes yogurt) |
| predicate nominative/predicate noun | word that is linked to and renames the subject; comes after a linking verb; is a noun ex.: Yogurt is a tasty, healthy food. subject: yogurt verb: is (linking verb) predicate nominative/noun: food (renames yogurt) |
| linking verb | verb that expresses being; links subject with a word in the predicate; includes helping, sense, and to be verbs helping verbs: have, has, had, do, does, did, can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should sense verbs: look, smell, fell, appear, taste, become, grow, seem, remain, stay, turn (when it means become) to be verbs: am, are, is, was, were, be, being, been |
| action verb | tells what subject has or does; can express physical or mental action physical action: run, look mental action: think, dream |
| helping verb | helps complete the meaning of the main verb; one or more of these verbs with a main verb forms a verb phrase ex. of these verbs: have, has, had, do, does, did, can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should |
| subject | tells who or what the sentence is about; is a person, place, thing, or idea; is a noun or pronoun ex.: Bob is nice. subject: Bob verb: is (linking verb) predicate adjective: nice |
| adverb phrase | prepositional phrase that modifies a verb, an adjective, or an adverb tells: when, where, how, how much, and/or why ex.: We went on the ferry. subject: we verb: went (action verb) prepositional/adverb phrase: on the ferry word adverb phrase modifies: went (tells: how) |
| adjective phrase | prepositional phrase that modifies a noun or pronoun tells: which one, what kind, and/or how many ex.: Go to the beach near the road. subject: (You) verb: to prepositional/adjective phrase: near the road word adjective phrase modifies: beach (tells: which one) |
| common noun | names a general class of person, place, thing or idea; is a noun person: friend place: crossroad thing: pencil idea: love |
| proper noun | names a particular person, place, thing, or idea; is a noun person: Mr. Gomez place: Utah thing: Statue of Liberty idea: idk... |
| concrete noun | refer to material things, to people, or to places; is a noun concrete: people, Mexicans, Mount Hood, book |
| abstract noun | names ideas, feelings, or qualities; is a noun abstract: love, relief, patriotism, language |
| compound noun | noun of two or more words compound: bookcase, headache, Edgar Alan Poe, commander in chief, father-in-law, stick-in-the-mud |
| collective noun | names a group or a collection of people, animals, or things considered as a unit; is a noun collective: crew, orchestra, committee, flock, fleet, group |
| singular noun | names one person, place, thing, or idea; is a noun singular: Selena, Santa, Spain, England, lead, guy, life |
| plural noun | names more than one person, place, thing, or idea; is a noun plural: children, Michaels, valleys, hills, roofs, safes, echoes |
| possessive noun | noun that shows ownership or relationship; always has an apostrophe possessive: Jade's scissors, dog's whiskers, workers' demands, Mike's address |
| declarative sentence | sentence that makes a statement; ends with a period declarative: I am tired. |
| interrogative sentence | sentence that asks a question; ends with a question mark interrogative: What is your name? |
| imperative sentence | gives a command or makes a request; ends with a period imperative: Sit down and be quiet. |
| exclamatory sentence | expresses a strong feeling; ends with an exclamation mark exclamatory: Ow, that hurt! |
| simple sentence | sentence that has one subject and one verb simple: He likes cake. |
| compound sentence | two sentences connected by a coordinating conjunction or a semicolon compound: She needs to tell him to stop cheating, but she doesn't want to ruin their friendship. |
| complex sentence | sentence that contains one clause and one sentence complex: Wearing his new polo, all the girls swooned over him. |
| compound-complex sentence | sentence that contains one clause and one sentence, as well as two other sentences connected by a conjunction compound-complex: When I have graduated from high school, will I be admitted into college, or will I have to wait until there is a place for me? |
| adjective | modifies a noun or pronoun answers questions: which one, what kind, or how many ex.: He was strong and graceful. subject: he verb: was (linking verb) adjectives: strong, graceful word adjectives modifies: he (answers question: which one) |
| adverb | modifies verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs answers questions: when, where, how, how much, why ex.: He is quite popular. subject: he verb: is (linking verb) adverb: quite word adverb modifies: popular (answers: how) |
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