A.P. European History: Unit V-The Establishment of West European Leadership
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treasure2112 on December 11, 2011
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80 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Grand Monarque | the "sun king" Louis XIV |
| Sun King | France was seen as the land of light, from which all cultural achievement came from |
| Charles II of Spain | mentally and physically handicapped ruler of Spain of the Spanish Habsburg line, led to the war of Spanish Succession |
| Franche Comte | a province acquired by Louis XIV |
| universal monarchy | a monarchy in which one man rules over all of europe, all countries but one lose independence |
| Estates-General of the United Provinces | made up of one delegate from each province and could only act with province instructions |
| Arminians | toned down the doctrine of absolute predestination, drew support from Burghers and for a brief time were persecuted but eventually allowed toleration without some rights |
| Bank of Amsterdam | accepted deposits, assessed content and gave out universal florin, set rates of exchanges, safety of deposits and made loans possible |
| House of Orange | the house of William the Silent, many times all stadholders were elected from this house, leading to the accepted hereditary stadholderate |
| William III | Stadholder that tried to centralize government and free himself from constitutional checks for an absolute monarchy, worked against France and became king of England through his wife |
| English Navigation Act of 1651 | didn't allow Dutch to ship goods to England: all goods must come in on English ships or the country they are coming from |
| English-Dutch Wars | Wars resulting because the English tried to suppress Dutch commerce through the Navigation Act an control over the seas |
| Treaty of NImwegan | Louis XIV took Franche-Comte and towns from Flanders in return for the stopping of the war against the Dutch |
| Hereditary Stadholderate | stated that the Stadholder would not be hereditary from the House of Orange |
| Hugo Grotius | Law of Peace and War: a treatise on international law |
| Baruch Spinoza | made living "grinding lenses" that led to microscopes and telescopes |
| Christian Huyghens | Dutch scientist who works with physics and math, telescope, clocks with pendulums, rings of Saturn and theory of light |
| Anna Marie van Schurman | argued for the education of women through her book: a learned maid and whether she may be called a scholar |
| Jan Vermeer | portrayed domestic scenes, "quiet" dignity of men and women burghers |
| Puritan | a more extreme calvinist in England |
| Presbyterian | Religion of Scotland |
| Anglican | moderate protestant, derived from the Catholic Church, established Church of England by Elizabeth I |
| James VI of Scotland | became king of Scotland and England with the death of Elizabeth I, conflict with Parliament because he wanted absolute control |
| The True Law of a Free Monarchy | written by James, wanted a monarchy free from control of parliament, church and laws/customs of the past |
| Tonnage and Poundage | rights given to the king by Parliament to collect taxes on exports and imports by the quantity of the goods |
| Archbishop Laud | With Charles, he sought to conform religious conformity under the Anglican Church |
| Prerogative Courts | Star Chamber (settle disputes without a jury) and High Commission (ensure conformity to the church of England); weren't like because people didn't want king to make all decisions |
| Ship money case | case on Charles he wanted to tax all people for navy, but parliament didn't want it, started dispute between ruler and the parliament |
| Long Parliament | for almost 20 years with no new election until the were absolved by the Commonwealth, didn't asset the king |
| Solemn League and Convent | prescribed that religion in all three kingdoms should be uniform |
| Roundheads | parliamentary forces who were Puritan and defeated the king and put Cromwell in power |
| Pride's Purge | Cromwell drove out 100 of the Parliament and left the rump because of their hesitation to support him |
| the Rump | Cromwell drove out the rest of Parliament, and these were the remaining 50 or 60 |
| Levelers | natural rights and rights of englishmen, equal representation, constitution and voting for parliament |
| Diggers | occupied and cultivated common lands (privately owned) |
| Quakers | all believers have own truth, reject social and religious hierarchy, encourage women to preach |
| Fifth Monarchy Men | thought that the world was going to end, Christ's empire coming in which all justice would rule |
| Instrument of Government | Section 19 |
| Charles II | son of Charles I, king of restored English monarchy, careful not to provoke, classes were ok with him an the church |
| Dissenters | formerly called puritans and refused to accept the resorted church of England |
| Treaty of Dover | secret treaty with France, agreed to join Louis XIV against the Dutch in return for 3 million Livers a year |
| Declaration of Indulgence | kings brother James publicly returned to catholicism and announced no enforcement of law against Dissenters, people rightly felt the promotion of Catholicism |
| Test Act | 1673, all officers had to be the church of England and Catholics cannot serve in government, army or navy |
| Whigs and Tories | two parities in England: whigs were suspicious of the King and Tories suspicious of monetary interest and supported the king |
| Glorious Revolution | the events of 1688, vindicating the principles of parliament, rule of law and right to rebellion |
| William and Mary | parliament abandoned James II and offered throne to Mary, but she was wife to William, used England to fight against Spain |
| Battle of Boyne | army of Dutch, Germans Scots and Huguenots defeated Irish and French army lead by James II, saved constitutional liberties and protestants kept religion |
| Bill of Rights | bi jaw can be suspended by the king, no taxes can be raised or army without parliamentary support, no one can be arrested with out evidence |
| United Kingdom of Great Britain | Scots obtained rights of English mercantilism by consenting to the Union in 1707, retained own legal system and church but merged in government and parliament |
| Act of Settlement 1701 | no Catholic could be king of England and descendants of James II (the pretenders) |
| Toleration Act | allowed protestant dissenters to practice religion but can't be a part of political and public sphere |
| penal code for Ireland | Irish, catholic clergy banished, Catholics were forbidden to vote or sit in Irish Parliament, couldn't teach or send children over seas, couldn't get a degree at Trinity College, couldn't purchase land, lots of restrictions |
| Classicism | order, clarity, greco-roman beliefs, ideology and influence |
| parlements | court of law in a region upheld fundamental laws that the king can not overstep, unconstitutional, local liberties/customs and internal tariffs |
| Fronde | a rebellion led by the nobility and parliaments insisting the right to pronounce certain edicts unconstitutional, if they would have gotten their way the manorial system would have arisen |
| Cardinal Mazarin | acting for Louis XIV during the Fronde, leader of France |
| Bishop Bossuet | advanced the teaching the divine power, kings are god's representatives in the world |
| Divine Rights of Kings | kings get power form god and should be free from dictation of outside parliaments, estates, etc. |
| Versailles | created by Louis XIV where the nobility lived so Louis XIV could keep them in check, gave them frivolous jobs |
| Intendents | generally bourgeoisie and was in charge of a certain district and embodied all aspects of the government: recruiting soldiers, keeping an eye on the nobility |
| Councils of State | A system of administration developed by Louis XIV to hold more control of his state |
| Tax Farmers | the ones who taxes passed through and made the tax system ineffective, gained a substantial profit |
| Colbert | applied Mercantilism, expand export of french goods, increase government wealth, reduce internal tariffs |
| Five Great Farms | Tariff union in France, place of free trade within the country, but not strong enough to go away with all internal tariffs |
| Commercial Code | replaced customary law-improved roads and communication, required handicraft makers to create a certain quality and quantity of a good, expand industries, export on some goods held down to keep prices down |
| Revocation of the Edict of Nantes | took away the rights of Protestants, causing many to leave the country and had a huge economic blow, official intolerance |
| Nicholas Poussin | carried over art from the Renaissance, notable French painter |
| Dutch War | Louis XIV's invasion of Dutch provinces along the Rhine to expand territory |
| Treaty of Nimwegan | French gave up ambitions in Holland in return for Franche-Comte |
| War of the League of Augsburg | Catholic allies of Leopold and protestant allies with William to suppress the French, French couldn't overpower the fleets of the Dutch and English |
| Peace of Ryswick | left matters of the war where it had begun, no territorial changes |
| The Pyrenees exist no longer | Spanish and France where now combined, not really a boundary between the two |
| William III | Stadholder of Dutch provinces that orchestrated the fight against France, also English king |
| John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough | a preeminent military commander for the allied forces against France |
| Philip V of Spain | brandon of Louis XIV who became king of Spain |
| Grand Alliance of 1701 | enacted by William III that included England and Holland |
| Prince Eugene of Savoy | led the Austrians |
| Treaties of Utrecht and Rastadt | treaty that partitioned Spain and lead to France stopping their territorial expansion |
| Asiento | granted privilege of providing Spanish America with slaves, permitted on shipload of English goods to be brought to Porto Belle in Panama |
| Dutch Barrier | a string of forts along the French side of Belgium to grant protection |
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