Science 7 Cells Test vocab
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Created by:
iampil211 on December 11, 2011
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Description:
vocab for Unit 3: cells and cell processes test - Science 7 - on 12/13 or 12/14
can go with Jamie's "Levels of Organization," "Organelles," "Important science people," and "Cell Theory" sets
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49 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 cell | 1st level of organization: microscopic, independent, basic unit of structure, function, and life of an organism |
| types of cells | bacterial, plant, and animal |
| Robert Hooke (1635 - 1703) | 1660: used compound microscope to look at cork slices and saw boxes ("small rooms") which he called cells |
| Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1635- 1703) | 1673: used simple microscope to look at living things in pond and lake water |
| Matthias Schleiden (1804 - 1881) | 1838: saw that all plants are made of cells |
| Theodor Schwann (1810 - 1882) | 1839: saw that all animals are made of cells |
| Rudolph Virchow (1821 - 1902) | 1855: saw mitosis - cells dividing to make more cells |
| Cell theory | 1) all living things are made of cells 2) cells are the basic unit of structure of living things 3) all cells are made from other cells |
| tissue | 2nd level of organization: a group of cells that performs a specific function |
| organ | 3rd level of organization: a group of tissues that performs a specific function |
| organ system | 4th level of organization: a group of organs that works together for an overall purpose |
| cell membrane | holds organelles in cell, controls exit and entrance of particles |
| golgi body | modifies and packages proteins for transportation in and out of the cell |
| nucleus | the control center, holds all code for building new organelles, turning cells on and off |
| vacuoles | store water, salts, and sugar |
| mitochondria | breaks down sugars to provide energy for the cell - respiration occurs here |
| lysosomes | release chemicals that break down dead organelles, recycles worn out ribosomes |
| ribosomes | produce proteins |
| centrioles | used for mitosis |
| endoplasmic reticulum - ER | transports object around the cell |
| smooth ER | no ribosomes, produces healthy fats, detoxifies dangerous substances, controls calcium in muscles |
| rough ER | has ribosomes on it |
| microfilaments | maintain cell structure, hold organelles in place |
| Brownian motion | Scottish scientist Robert Brown saw pollen grains move in random directions and move apart when they hit each other |
| diffusion | tendency of particles to move from high to low concentrations |
| concentration | the density of molecules in a certain area |
| permeable membrane | allows all particles to pass through |
| selectively permeable | (aka semi-permeable) allows some particles to pass through |
| impermeable | does not allow any particles to pass through |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water molecules through a permeable membrane driven by the presence of sugars or salts on one side |
| isotonic cells | have an equal amount of sugar/salt molecules inside and outside of the cell - stays the same size |
| hypertonic cells | have more sugars/salt molecules outside of cell - gets smaller |
| hypotonic cells | have more sugar/salt molecules inside of cell - gets bigger |
| The cell membrane is a __________ layer. | double |
| phospholipids | fatty acid particles that make up the cell membrane |
| hydrophobic | dislikes water (the long end) |
| hydrophilic | likes water (the circular end) |
| passive transport | natural movement from high to low concentrations that does not require energy |
| cholesterol | used to prevent membrane from moving too much |
| active transport | cells use ATP to force particles through a transport protein from low to high concentrations |
| endocytosis | cells capture particles by engulfing them |
| exocytosis | cells get rid of particles by spitting them out |
| interphase | cell grows, copies DNA, makes more organelles, makes centrioles |
| prophase | chromosomes pack into chromatid structure, identical chromatids connect with a centromere |
| metaphase | centrioles move to either side of cytoplasm, chromosomes center in cell, spindle fibers connect chromosomes to centrioles |
| anaphase | chromosomes split in half, centromeres disappear, chromatids move to opposite sides of the cell |
| telophase | centrioles disappear, nuclear membrane forms around 2 pairs of chromatids, chromatid structure goes back to chromosome DNA, cell starts to split into 2 |
| cytokinesis (animal) | cell splits into 2 new cells, each has sep. organelles, membrane pinches apart |
| cytokinesis (plant) | cell splits into 2 new cells, each has sep. organelles + DNA, cell plate forms in center and becomes membrane |
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