Neoplasms
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79 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Neoplasm | an overgrowth of cells that serves no useful purpose. |
| Tumor | A benign or malignant overgrowth of tissues the serves no normal function |
| Benign Tumor | One that does not spread to other tissues. |
| Malignant Tumor | composed of less well differentiated cells, grows more rapidly, and infiltrates the surrounding tissues rather than growing by expansion. |
| Metastasis | The spread of cancer cells from the primary site of origin to a distant site within the body. |
| Metastatic Tumor | The secondary deposits from a primary tumor that has metastisized. |
| True of False Benign tumors do not metastasize? | True |
| Polyp | A descriptive term for a benign tumor projecting from an epithelial surface. |
| Papilloma | A descriptive term for a benign tumor projecting from an epithelial surface. |
| Adenoma | A benign tumor arising from glandular epithelium |
| Angioma | A benign tumor or blood vessels |
| Chondroma | A benign tumor arising from cartilage |
| Name the three types of malignant tumors: | 1- carcinoma 2- sarcoma 3- leukemia |
| True or False The term cancer is used to indicate any type of malignant tumor? | True |
| True of False The poliferating cells of a malignant tumor "wear out" and dies after a specific number of cell divisions. | False |
| Carcinoma | Any malignant tumor arising from surface, glandularm or parenchymal (organ) epithelium. |
| Sarcoma | A malignant tumor arising from connective and supporting tissues. |
| Leukemia | Any neoplasm of blood-forming tissues. |
| Lymphoma | A neoplasm of lymphoid cells. Cancer of infection fighting organs. |
| True or False Almost all lymphomas are benign | False, the majority of lymphomas are malignant |
| Secondary Tumor | A tumor that has spread and grown in a part of the body remote from the original tumor site. |
| True or False Smoking accounts for 30% of all cancer deaths | True |
| Hodgkin Disease | A type of lymphatic cancer. -frequently occurs in younger adults -usually starts in a single lymph node or small group of nodes then spread to adjacent nodes before eventually spreading to other parts of the body. |
| Reed-Sternberg cells | The characteristic cell of Hodgkin's disease, containing two "mirror image" nuclei with prominent nucleoli |
| True of False Reed-Sternberg cells arise from T cells | False, Reed-Sternberg cells arise from B cells |
| True of False Most patients have widespread disease by the time the lymphoma is diagnosed, and it is difficult to cure the lymphoma because the tumor cells have already spread throughout the body. | True |
| Keratinocyte | A keratin-forming cell in the epidermis |
| Melanocyte | Melanin-producing cells in the epidermis |
| Melanin | Dark pigment found in the skin, in the middle coat of the eye, and in some other regions. |
| Nevus | A benign tumor of pigment producing cells |
| Melanoma | A malignant tumor of pigment-producing cells |
| True or False Keratinocytes can give rise to benign proliferations, called keratoses, and two types of skin carcinomas. | True |
| Basal Cell Carcinoma | A neoplasm that is composed of clusters of infiltrating cells that resemble the normal base cells of the epidermis. |
| True of False Basal cell carcinoma is a rapid growing tumor that can be locally destructive but rarely metastisizes. | False Basal cell carcinoman is a rather indolent, slow growing tumor |
| Squamous Cell Carcinoma | A neoplasn that is composed of abnormal infiltrating squamous cells, this is a more aggressive tumor that sometimes metastisizes. |
| True of False Excessive sunlight exposure predisposes to the development of all types of skin cancer. | True |
| Teratoma | A tumor of mixed cell components |
| Dermoid Cyst | A common type of benign cystic teratoma that commonly arises in the ovary |
| -blastoma | the suffix added to name primative cell tumors. |
| True of False Primitive cell tumors are named from the site of origin with the suffix -blastoma | True |
| Wilms Tumor | A malignant renal tumor of infants and children |
| What does CAUTION stand for (in regard to cancer warning signs)? | C hange in bowel or bladder habits A sore that does not heal U unusual bleeding or discharge T hickening or lump in breasts or elsewhere I ndigestion or difficulty swallowing O bvious change in a wart or mole N agging cough or hoarseness |
| Carcinoma In Situ | Many carcinomas arising from surface epithelium remain localized within the epithelium for many years before evidence of infiltration into deeper tissues or spread to distant sites become apparent. The term In Situ Carcinoma is used for this type of neoplasm. |
| Actinic Keratosis | A precancerous warty proliferation of squamous epithial cells in sun damaged skin of older persons. |
| True of False If left untreated actinic keratosis, will not develop into cancer | False, if left untreated keratoses eventually develop into skin cancers. |
| Lentigo Maligna | A precancerous, pigmented skin lesion arising from proliferation of atypical melanin-producing epithelial cells. |
| Leukoplakia | A white patch of hyperplastic and usuallu atypical squamous epithelium on the oral mucosa or genital tract |
| True of False Many types of tumors in animals are caused by viruses and can be readily transmitted by appropriate methods to animals of the same or a different species. | True |
| Human T cell leukemia-lymphoma | Caused by the human T cell leukemia-lymphoma (HTLV-1), which is related to the virus that causes the aquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). |
| True of False HPV does not cause cancer | False, strains of the human papilloma virus are linked to cervical cancer |
| Mutation | An alteration in a base sequence in DNA; may alter cell function. |
| True or False All mutations are transmitted from parents to offspring | False, a mutation is transmitted from parents to offspring only if the mutation is in the gametes. |
| Proto-oncogenes | A normal gene that regulates some aspect of cell growth, maturation, or division. |
| Tumor suppressor gene | A gene that suppresses cell proliferation |
| DNA repair genes | Gene that monitor and correct errors in DNA replication during cell division. |
| Oncogene | An abnormally functioning gene that causes unrestrained cell growth leading to formation of a tumor. Results from mutation or translocation of a proto-oncogene. |
| True of False Suppressor genes exist in pairs at corresponding gene loci on homologous chromosomes, and both suppressor genes must cease to function before the cell malfunctions. | True |
| Apoptosis | Programmed cell death that occurs after a cell has lived its normal life span. |
| True of False A person whose parent or sibling has been afflicted with a breast, colon, or lung carcinoma has about a three times greater risk of devloping a similar tumor than do other people. | True |
| True or False Hereditary tumors make up a large fraction of all benign and malignant tumors afflicting humans. | False, hereditary tumors make up only a small fraction of all benign and malignant tumors afflicting humans. |
| True of False Heredity is responsible for a large percentage of breast carcinomas | False, hereditary gene mutations are responsible for a small percentage of breast carcinomas. |
| True of False There is a blood test for prostate cancer called a prostatic-specific antigen | True |
| Pap Smear | A study of cells from vaious sources, commonly used as a screening test for cancer. |
| What is the leading type of cancer in the U.S. today? | Lung cancer |
| True or False Lung cancer can be attributed to 50% of all cancer related deaths | False, lung cancer can be attributed to 28% of all cancer related deaths |
| True of False The five year survival rate for a person diagnosed with breast cancer is 89% | True |
| True of False The five year survival rate for a person diagnosed with prostate cancer is 90% | False, the five year survival rate for a person diagnosed with prostate cancer is 95% |
| True or False Cancer is the leading cause of death in the U.S. | False, cancer is the second leading cause of death |
| True of False The five year survival rate for a person diagnosed with lung cancer is 15% | True |
| True of False Surgery is the most effective cancer treatment when the tumor is localized | True |
| Adjuvant Chemotherapy | Anticancer chemotherapy administered after surgical resection of a tumor in an attempt to destroy any small undetected foci of metastatic tumor before they become clinically detectable. |
| Immunotherapy | Treatment given to retard grwoth of a disseminated malignant tumor by stimulating the body's own immune defenses. |
| Interferon | A broa-spectrum antiviral agent manufactured by various cells in the body. It regulates the functions of the immune system and regulates cell growth, inhibiting growth of rapidly dividing cells. |
| True or False 50% of all cancer patients are treated with radiation | True |
| Leukemia | malignant neoplasm of blood-forming tissues |
| Myelodysplastic syndrome | A disturbance of bone marrow function that is characterized by anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia and that may be a precurser to leukemia in some patients. |
| Multiple Myeloma | Malignant tumor of the bone marrow |
| Immunoglobulin | Protein (antibody produced by plasma cells) that acts to protect the body by destroying antigens. |
| True or False The five year survival rate for a person diagnosed with pancreatic cancer is only 4% | True |
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