Chilton - Chapter 25 (New Deal) Review

Terms	Definitions
DEFAULT	Fail to make loan payments
Dwight Eisenhower	MacArthur's aide who helped in the removal of the Bonus Marchers; World War II general; elected President in 1952 and 1956
SITDOWN	Type of strike where workers continuously occupy the plant and refuse to work until management agrees to their demands
PUBLIC WORKS	Roads, railways, bridges, and other structures that are built for public use at public expense
STOCK EXCHANGE	Organized system for buying and selling shares of stock
HUNDRED DAYS	First part of FDR's first term during which Congress passed many New Deal programs
SEC	Regulated the way companies could issue and sell securities (stocks); power to punish dishonest stockbrokers and speculators (like Martha Stewart)
BLUE EAGLE	Symbol of the NRA
NEW DEAL	FDR's program to revive the country from the Great Depression; goals were relief, reform, and recovery
BRAIN TRUST	FDR's advisers
GONE WITH THE WIND	—Popular book (written by Margaret Mitchell) and movie of the 1930's
Huey Long	Louisiana governor and senator who called for a "Share Our Wealth" program
Herbert HOOVER	President elected in 1928; defeated for reelection in 1932
Frances Perkins	First woman to serve in a President's Cabinet; Secretary of Labor
SOCIAL SECURITY	Act that provided unemployment insurance and old-age insurance; paid partly by employer and partly by the employee did not cover farm workers and domestic workers
UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE	Payments by the government for a limited period of time to people who have lost their jobs
ON MARGIN	To buy stock by paying 10% of the stock price and borrowing the rest
SOAP OPERAS	Popular radio dramas
John Steinbeck	Author of THE GRAPES OF WRATH about Okies moving to California to work in the fields
RECESSION	Slowdown in the economy
FAIR LABOR STANDARDS	Act that set the normal workweek at 40 hours, establish a national minimum wage, and outlawed child labor; passed after the NRA was declared unconstitutional
FIRESIDE CHATS	Informal presidential speeches given by FDR on the radio in the 1930's
NEW YORK	FDR's home state
Douglas MACARTHUR	General who commanded the troops that used tanks, machine guns, and the cavalry to roust the Bonus Marchers from DC; Commander in the Pacific during World War II
POLIO	Disease which caused FDR's paralysis
DEMOCRAT	FDR's political party
Alfred LANDON	Republican candidate for President in 1936
ELEANOR	FDR's wife; only First Lady with her own statue in DC
FDIC	Insured each bank deposit up to $5,000
WAGNER	Also known as National Labor Relations Act; set up the NLRB to settle corporate disputes and run union elections; when majority of workers in a plant voted to join a labor union, it became the official representative of the workers
BONUS ARMY	World War I veterans who marched on Washington, demanding their promised bonus of $1000
HOOVERVILLE	Shanty town of the 1930's
PENSION	Sum pad regularly to a person, usually after retirement
BANK HOLIDAY	U.S. banks closed until they could be examined, and if found safe, could then be reopened
The Lone Ranger	Popular western radio show of the 1930's
The War of the Worlds	Radio presentation about Martians landing in New Jersey which created a panic as many believed the story was true
The Wizard of Oz	Popular movie from the 1930's about Dorothy being swept away by a tornado
Welfare State	Situation in which the government assumes responsibility for the social well-being of the people
Executive	Branch of the federal government which seemed to gain the most power during the New Deal
Jesse Owens	African American track star in the 1936 Berlin Olympics
Recession	A slowdown in the economy
Lou Gherig	Popular baseball player in the 1930's; died from a muscle disease which now carries his name
Shirley Temple	Popular child actress of the 1930's
CCC	Provided jobs for 2 1/2 million single men ages 18-25 in some 1500 camps by 1941;Men received $30 per month and were required to send $25 home to families
NYA	Sponsored by Mrs. Roosevelt, this organization employed college students to grade papers, do chores and other jobs around the campus
Breadline	People waiting for free food during the Great Depression
Deficit Spending	Government practice of spending more than it takes in from taxes
Credit	Arrangement for delaying payment of a loan or purchase
Stock	Certificate documenting the shareholder's ownership in the corporation
Bank Holiday	Closed all banks until government examiners could investigate their financial condition; only sound/solvent banks were allowed to reopen
FERA	Distributed $500 million in federal grants to local state governments for direct relief to the unemployed
PWA	Public Works Administration. Part of Roosevelt's New Deal programs; provided $4 billion to put people to work building or improving public buildings like schools, post offices,etc.
WPA	Provided work building playgrounds, public buildings, hospitals, etc...lots of pick-and-shovel jobs; set up projects for workers at jobs suitable to their talents (artists, actors, writers, musicians); first time the federal government took a direct part in furthering the arts
NRA	Members set up codes of fair competition and price controls so goods could not be sold for less than production costs; work week limited to 40 hours; minimum wage set at 30 - 40 cents an hour; child labor abolished; collective Bargaining for workers; declared unconstitutional
George Norris	Sponsored the Tennessee Valley Authority Act of 1933; in appreciation, the TVA Norris Dam and a new planned city in Tennessee were named after him; Norris was also the prime Senate mover behind the Rural Electrification Act that brought electrical service to rural areas across the United States.
AAA1933	New Deal organization whose goal was to Improve farm prices by cutting production; government rented land normally planted in basic crops and no crops could be planted on this land; farmers benefited in two ways: (1) higher prices and (2) rent money; declared unconstitutional in 1936
Black Tuesday	October 29, 1929; the day the stock market crashed leading to the Great Depression of the 1930's
Charles Coughlin	Catholic priest who used his popular radio program to criticize the New Deal; he grew increasingly anti-Roosevelt and anti-Semitic until the Catholic Church pulled him off the air
Woody Guthrie	American songwriter and folksinger who flourished in the 1930s, writing numerous songs about social injustice and the hardships of the Great Depression years; two of his best-remembered songs are "This Land is Your Land" and "So Long, It's Been Good to Know Yuh."
Mary Bethune	One of FDR's many African American policymakers who had the highest position of any black person in FDR's New Deal; head of the Division of Negro Affairs in the National Youth Administration; reported to the President on the state of his legislation on blacks and proposed new laws to help them