| Term | Definition |
|---|
| DEFAULT | Fail to make loan payments |
| Dwight Eisenhower | MacArthur's aide who helped in the removal of the Bonus Marchers |
| SITDOWN | Type of strike where workers continuously occupy the plant and refuse to work until management agrees to their demands |
| PUBLIC WORKS | Roads, railways, bridges, and other structures that are built for public use at public expense |
| STOCK EXCHANGE | Organized system for buying and selling shares of stock |
| WORK RELIEF | Programs that gave needy people government jobs |
| HUNDRED DAYS | First part of FDR's first term during which Congress passed many New Deal programs |
| SEC | Regulated the way companies could issue and sell securities (stocks); power to punish dishonest stockbrokers and speculators (like Martha Stewart) |
| WPA | New Deal organization that built post offices, city halls, recreation buildings, roads, school, etc.; also provided variety of jobs for actors, musicians, writers, photographers, etc. |
| BLUE EAGLE | Symbol of the NRA |
| NEW DEAL | FDR's program to revive the country from the Great Depression |
| BRAIN TRUST | FDR's advisers |
| GONE WITH THE WIND | —Popular book (written by Margaret Mitchell) and movie of the 1930's |
| RFC | Passed in January 1932, this measure loaned money to businesses and provided funds for state and local programs providing relief |
| Subsidy | Grant of money from the government to a person or company for an action intended to benefit the public |
| Huey Long | Louisiana governor and senator who called for a "Share Our Wealth" program |
| Herbert HOOVER | President elected in 1928; defeated for reelection in 1932 |
| Frances Perkins | First woman to serve in a President's Cabinet; Secretary of Labor |
| SOCIAL SECURITY | Act that provided unemployment insurance and old-age insurance; paid partly by employer and partly by the employee did not cover farm workers and domestic workers |
| UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE | Payments by the government for a limited period of time to people who have lost their jobs |
| ON MARGIN | To buy stock by paying 10% of the stock price and borrowing the rest |
| SOAP OPERAS | Popular radio dramas |
| John Steinbeck | Author of THE GRAPES OF WRATH about Okies moving to California to work in the fields |
| RECESSION | Slow down in the economy |
| FAIR LABOR STANDARDS | Act that set the normal work week at 40 hours, establish a national minimum wage, and outlawed child labor |
| FIRESIDE CHATS | Informal presidential speeches given by FDR in the 1930's |
| NEW YORK | FDR's home state |
| MACARTHUR | General who commanded the troops that used tanks, machine guns, and the cavalry to roust the Bonus Marchers from DC |
| POLIO | Disease which caused FDR's paralysis |
| DEMOCRAT | FDR's political party |
| LANDON | Republican candidate for President in 1936 |
| ELEANOR | FDR's wife; only First Lady with her own stature in DC |
| FDIC | Insured each bank deposit up to $5,000 |
| WAGNER | Also known as National Labor Relations Act; set up the NLRB to settle corporate disputes and run union elections; when majority of workers in a plant voted to join a labor union, it became the official representative of the workers |
| BONUS ARMY | World War I veterans who marched on Washington, demanding their promised bonus of $1000 |
| HOOVERVILLE | Shanty town of the 1930's |
| PENSION | Sum pad regularly to a person, usually after retirement |
| BANK HOLIDAY | U.S. banks closed until they could be examined, and if found safe, could then be reopened |
| The Lone Ranger | Popular western radio show of the 1930's |
| The War of the Worlds | Radio presentation about Martians landing in New Jersey which created a panic as many believed the story was true |
| The Wizard of Oz | Popular movie from the 1930's about Dorothy being swept away by a tornado |
| welfare state | Situation in which the government assumes responsibility for the social well-being of the people |
| Woody Guthrie | Popular singer and songwriter from the 1930's |
| executive | Branch of the federal government which seemed to gain the most power during the New Deal |
| Jesse Owens | African American track star in the 1936 Berlin Olympics |
| Recession | A slowdown in the economy |
| Lou Gherig | Popular baseball player in the 1930's; died from a muscle disease which now carries his name |
| Shirley Temple | Popular child actress of the 1930's |
| CCC | Provided jobs for 2 1/2 million single men ages 18-25 in some 1500 camps by 1941;Men received $30 per month and were required to send $25 home to families |
| NYA | Sponsored by Mrs. Roosevelt, this organization employed college students to grade papers, do chores and other jobs around the campus |
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