APUSH Chapter 15
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Created by:
jackhammer1234 on December 11, 2011
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Alan Brinkleys Unfinished Nation Chapter 15
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65 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Freedmen's Bureau | This was an African American aid program to help with land, schools, churches etc... |
| Oliver O. Howard | Director of the Freedman's Bureau. |
| Freedmen's Aid Societies | Sent teachers and missionaries to the southern African Americans. |
| Radical Republicans | Wanted to disenfranchise lots of southern whites, protect black civil rights, confiscate land of the wealthy northerners who aided the south and give their land to the freedmen. |
| Thaddeus Stevens | Radical Rep. from Pennsylvania |
| Charles Sumner | Radical Rep. from Mass. |
| Abraham Lincoln | Led a lenient reconstruction policy. Believed that southern unionists could be the basis of new loyal state gov'ts in the south. His plan allowed the white southerners general amnesty and who would pledge loyaty and abolition. |
| Wade-Davis Bill | Called for the president to appoint a provisional government for each conquered state. When enough white males pledged their allegiance they could form a constitutional convention and create one. |
| Ford's Theater | The place where Lincoln died. |
| John Wilkes Booth | Lincolns assassin. Devoted to the southern cause. |
| William Seward | Shot and wounded by one of Booth's conspirators. |
| Andrew Johnson | Was almost assassinated by the Booth people. |
| Presidential Reconstruction, or "Restoration" | Allowed amnesty to some southerners. Appointed a Gov to each southern state and allowed him to assemble a constitutional convention. Not Wade Davis. |
| Congressional Reconstruction | The "real" reconstruction plan, it involved the Radical Republican's plans which override Johnson's vetoes. Congress would not seat southern members. |
| Black Codes | laws passed in the south just after the civil war aimed at controlling freedmen and enabling plantation owners to exploit african american workers |
| Civil Rights Act of 1866 | An act saying Blacks were citizens of the United States and that the federal gov't could intervene to protect the rights of the citizens. |
| Fourteenth Amendment | made "all persons born or naturalized in the United States" citizens of the country |
| Fifteenth Amendment | The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. |
| Tenure of Office Act | Forbade the president to remove officials without the consent of the congress. |
| Edwin M. Stanton | Protected by the tenure of office act because he was in cahoots with radicals. |
| Command of the Army Act | Prohibited the president from directly commanding the army not through the general, who could not be relieved or assigned elsewhere without the consent of the senate. |
| Ex parte Milligan | Military tribunals were unconstitutional in places where civil courts presided. |
| Impeachment | "Firing" a president |
| "Scalawags" | Southern white republicans. Former whigs who didn't feel comfortable in the democratic party and farmers in areas with little slavery. |
| "Carpetbaggers" | Southern white republicans. White men from the north/ veterans of the union army who settled in the south for business. |
| Sharecropping | system in which landowners leased a few acres of land to farmworkers in return for a portion of their crops |
| Crop-lien system | System that allowed farmers to get more credit. They used harvested crops to pay back their loans. |
| Ulysses S. Grant | Republican nomination. Ill prepared for the job. Relied on established party leaders. Corruption in the party. |
| Hamilton Fish | Grants secretary of state. |
| Liberal Republicans | Opposed Grantism. Tried to get rid of Grant but failed by a long shot. |
| Grantism | Grants way of dealing with the presidency, which disillusioned many Northern Republicans, included his continuing support of Radical Reconstruction policies, and the corruption within the Grant administration itself. |
| Horace Greeley | Grants opponent, lost badly. |
| Crédit Mobilier | Scandalous company created by Union Pacific Railroad insiders, it distributed shares of its stock to Congressmen to avoid detection |
| Schuyler Colfax | Grants vice president who accepted stock in the Credit Moblier. |
| The "Whiskey Ring" | a scandal, exposed in 1875, involving diversion of tax revenues in a conspiracy among government agents, politicians, whiskey distillers, and distributors. |
| William Belknap | Grant's secretary of war who was forced to resign after he was found to have accepted bribes from suppliers to the Indian reservations. |
| Indian Ring | Grant's Secretary of War, William W. Belknap, accepted bribes from companies with licenses to trade on the reservations of man with Native American tribes. |
| Panic of 1873 | Worst panic yet. Began with the failure of an invesment company that over invested in post war railroads. |
| Jay Cooke and Company | The failure company that caused the Panic 1873 |
| Greenbacks | a piece of paper money (especially one issued by a central bank) |
| Specie Resumption Act | Greenback dollars would be replaced by gov't and money would be issued that was backed by gold. |
| National Greenback Party | Party that arose out of a desire for paper money, not successful in gaining widespread support, kept money issue alive |
| "Seward's Folly" | Alaska Purchased by William H. _______ |
| Alabama Claims | A series of claims for damages by the government of the US against the government of the United Kingdom for the perceived covert assistance given to the Confederate cause during the American Civil War |
| Ku Klux Klan | Wanted to stop blacks from voting. White Supremecy. |
| Enforcement Acts | Acts to allow anyone to vote and for the federal government to intervene on their behalf. Federal troops could be used. |
| Compromise of 1877 | Ended Reconstruction. Republicans promise 1) Remove military from South, 2) Appoint Democrat to cabinet (David Key postmaster general), 3) Federal money for railroad construction and levees on Mississippi river |
| Rutherford B. Hayes | President who made the Compromise of 1877. |
| Samuel Tilden | Democratic nominee for president in 1876, loses narrowly |
| Tweed Ring | the corrupt part of Tammany Hall in New York City, that Samuel J. Tilden, the reform governor of New York had been instrumental in overthrowing. |
| Tammany Hall | Location of tweed ring. |
| David Davis | The independent seat on the commission to decide the election. Resigned his seat after winning congress. |
| The "New South" | Changes in the south. Politically. |
| Redeemers | Powerful southern oligarchy. |
| Bourbons | Powerful southern oligarchy. |
| "Home Rule" | self-government in local matters by a city or county that is part of a national government a type of restoration. |
| Henry Grady | Editor of the Atlanta Constitution. |
| Booker T. Washington | African American progressive who supported segregation and demanded that African American better themselves individually to achieve equality. |
| Tuskegee Institute | Booker T. Washington built this school to educate black students on learning how to support themselves and prosper |
| Atlanta Compromise | Major speech on race-relations given by Booker T. Washington addressing black labor opportunities, and the peril of whites ignoring black injustice |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | Court declared segregation was allowed as long as long as accommodations were equal. |
| Cumming v. County Board of Education | Court ruled that communities could establish schools for whites even if there were no equal schools for whites. |
| Jim Crow laws | Limited rights of blacks. Literacy tests, grandfather clauses and poll taxes limited black voting rights |
| Lynching | Blacks being attacked by white mobs. |
| Ida B. Wells | the lynching of blacks outraged her, an african american journalist. in her newspaper, free speech, wells urged african americans to protest the lynchings. she called for a boycott of segregated street cars and white owned stores. she spoke out despite threats to her life. |
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